Java Tutorial

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This Java tutorial has been written for beginners to advanced programmers who are striving
to learn Java programming. We have provided numerous practical examples to explain the
concepts in simple and easy steps. This tutorial has been prepared and reviewed by
experienced Java programmers at Tutorials Point, and the best effort has been put into
making it useful for the students and Java developers.

After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in Java
programming, from where you can elevate yourself to the next levels.

What is Java?

Java is a popular high-level,object-oriented programming language that was originally

developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. Currently, Java is owned by Oracle,
and more than 3 billion devices run Java. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such
as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions ofUNIX. Today Java is being used to develop
numerous types of software applications, including desktop apps, mobile apps, web apps,
games, and much more.

Java is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers Write Once,

Run Anywhere (WORA). This means that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that
support Java without the need to recompile.

In this tutorial, you will learn everything about Java, starting from basics to advanced
concepts such as overview, history, installations, basic input/output, conditional & control
statements, arrays, classes, inheritances, method overloading & overriding, exception
handling, and many more.

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Java First Example

The first example in Java is to print "Hello, World!" on the screen. Let's have a quick look at
the first examples in Java programming:

public class MyFirstJavaProgram {

/* This is my first java program.

* This will print 'Hello, World!' as the output

*/
 public static void main(String []args) {

[Link]("Hello, World!"); // prints Hello, World!

Getting Started with Java

Explore the following chapters to get started learning Java programming:

 Java - Home

 Java - Overview

 Java - History

 Java - Features

 Java Vs. C++

 JVM - Java Virtual Machine

 Java - JDK vs JRE vs JVM

 Java - Hello World Program

 Java - Environment Setup

 Java - Basic Syntax

Java Basics

Explore the basic topics such as data types, operators, user input, etc.:

 Java - Variable Types

 Java - Data Types

 Java - Type Casting

 Java - Unicode System

 Java - Basic Operators

 Java - Comments

 Java - User Input

 Java - Date & Time

Java Conditional Statements

Furthermore, in Java, explore the conditional statements to implement the logic and to
make decisions based on the conditions:

 Java - Decision Making

 Java - If-else

 Java - Switch

Java Loops and Control Statements

Explore the loops and control statements to learn how to control the execution of the
programming logics:

 Java - Loop Control

 Java - For Loops

 Java - For-Each Loops

 Java - While Loops

 Java - do-while Loops

 Java - Break

 Java - Continue

Java String and Arrays

Explore the following strings and array-related chapters:

 Java Strings and String Class

 Java - Strings

Java OOPs

Explore the following chapters to learn the object-oriented programming approach in Java:

 Java - OOPs Concepts

 Java - Object & Classes

 Java - Class Attributes

 Java - Class Methods

 Java - Methods

 Java - Variables Scope

 Java - Constructors
  Java - Access Modifiers

 Java - Inheritance

 Java - Aggregation

 Java - Polymorphism

 Java - Overriding

 Java - Method Overloading

 Java - Dynamic Binding

 Java - Static Binding

 Java - Instance Initializer Block

 Java - Abstraction

 Java - Encapsulation

Java Collections and Interfaces

Explore Java interfaces and collections-related chapters:

 Java - Interfaces

 Java - List Interface

 Java - Queue Interface

 Java - Map Interface

 Java - SortedMap Interface

 Java - Set Interface

 Java - SortedSet Interface

 Java - Iterators

 Java - Comparators

 Java - Comparable Interface in Java

 Java - Collections

 Java - Collection Interface

Java Exceptional Handling

Explore the file handling chapters to learn how to create, write, read, and manipulate the
files and directories:
  Java - Files

 Java - Create a File

 Java - Write to File

 Java - Read Files

 Java - Delete Files

 Java - Directories

 Java - I/O Streams

Java Multithreading

Explore the threading-related chapters to learn to manage multiple threads in Java:

 Java - Multithreading

 Java - Thread Life Cycle

 Java - Creating a Thread

 Java - Starting a Thread

 Java - Joining Threads

 Java - Naming Thread

 Java - Thread Scheduler

 Java - Thread Pools

 Java - Main Thread

 Java - Thread Priority

 Java - Daemon Threads

 Java - Thread Group

 Java - Shutdown Hook

Java Practices

 Java Quick Guide

 Java Interview Questions

 Java 8 Interview Questions

 Java Online Test

 Java Mock Test

Java References

Here, you can find the package, class, and method references −

 Java Scanner Class

 Java Arrays Class

 Java Strings Class

 Java Date Class

 Java ArrayList Class

 Java Vector Class

 Java Stack Class

 Java PriorityQueue Class

 Java LinkedList Class

 Java ArrayDeque Class

 Java HashMap Class

 Java LinkedHashMap Class

 Java WeakHashMap Class

 Java EnumMap Class

 Java TreeMap Class

 Java IdentityHashMap Class

 Java HashSet Class

 Java EnumSet Class

 Java LinkedHashSet Class

 Java TreeSet Class

 Java BitSet Class

 Java Dictionary Class

 Java Hashtable Class

 Java Properties Class

 Java Collection Class

 Java Array Class

Online Java Compiler

Our Java programming tutorial provides various examples to explain the concepts. To
compile and execute the given Java programming examples in your browser itself, we have
provided Online Java Compiler. You can edit and run almost all the examples directly from
your browser without the need to set up your development environment.

Try to click the icon to run the following Java code to print conventional "Hello,
World!" using Java Programming.

Below code box allows you to change the value of the code. So, please try to change the
value inside println() and run it again to verify the result.

public class MyFirstJavaProgram {

/* This is my first java program.

* This will print 'Hello, World!' as the output

*/

public static void main(String []args) {

[Link]("Hello, World!"); // prints Hello, World!

Java Features

Java is a feature-rich language. Java is evolving continuously with every update, and updates
are coming every six months. Following are some of the main features of the Java language:

 Object Oriented: Java is a pure object-oriented language, and everything in Java is an

object. Java supports OOPS principles like Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism,
Classes , and so on. Java itself can be extended as well, being based on an object
model.

 Platform Independent: Java code is platform independent. A Java code is not

compiled into machine-specific code; it is compiled into a platform-neutral byte
code. This byte code is executed by JVM which runs the code on the underlying
platform. This capability makes Java a Write Once Run Anywhere language.
  Easy To Learn: Java inherits features from C and C++, and developers can easily learn
Java if they know any of the C or C++ languages. Even for someone new to computer
languages, Java is very easy to learn from scratch.

 Secure: Java is secure by architecture. A developer is not required to directly interact

with the underlying memory or operating system. Java provides automatic garbage
collection, so developers are not required to worry about memory leaks,
management, etc.

 Architectural-Neutral: Java byte code can be executed on any kind of processor. JRE
automatically handles the code execution on different types of processors.

 Portable: A Java code written on a Windows machine can be executed without any
code change on MacOS and vice versa. There is no need to make any operating
system-specific code changes.

 Robust: Java is a very robust language with very strong compile-time error checks,
strict type checking, and runtime exception handling.

 Multithreading: Java provides inbuilt support for multiprocessing and

multithreading. Java provides thread handling, monitors, deadlock handling, racing
conditions, etc.

 High Performance: Java, although being interpreted, is still very performant.

The JIT(Just In Time) compilerhelps in improving performance.

 Distributed: Java is designed for distributed systems and is the most popular
language for developing internet-based applications as the internet is a distributed
environment.

Java Applications

Since Java supports object-oriented features and is platform-independent, it is extensively

used in various fields. Listed below are a few areas where Java is used -

 Enterprise solutions

 Game development

 Secured web development

 Embedded systems

 Mobile application development

 Big Data Applications, and many more.

Java Platforms (Editions)

Platforms of Java are divided into four Java editions, which are −
  Java SE (Java Standard Edition): It is a standard edition that is used to develop and
deploy portable code for desktop and server environments.

 Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition): It is an enterprise edition that is used to develop

web applications.

 Java ME (Java Micro Edition): J2ME is used to develop mobile applications; it is a

micro edition of Java.

 JavaFx: It is used to develop lightweight user interfaces for rich internet applications.

Java Jobs & Opportunities

Java is very in demand, and all the major companies are recruiting Java programmers to
develop their desktop, web, and mobile applications.

Today, a Java programmer with 3-5 years of experience is asking for around $120,000 in an in
an annual package, and this is the most demanding programming language in America.
Though it can vary depending on the location of the job. Following are the great companies
that are using Java and they need good Java programmers:

 Google

 Microsoft

 Facebook

 IBM

 Amazon

 Netflix

 Pinterest

 Uber

 JetBrains

 Many more...

So, you could be the next potential employee for any of these major companies. We have
developed great learning material for Java that will help you prepare for the technical
interviews and certification exams based on Java. So, start learning Java using this simple
and effective tutorial from anywhere and anytime, absolutely at your pace.

Why to Learn Java?

Java is a MUST to learn programming language for students and working professionals to
become a great software engineer, especially when they are working in the software
development domain. If you will conduct a survey about the best programming language
around, Java is sure to come up.

Java is a fairly easy programming language to learn, so if you are starting to learn any
programming language, then Java could be your great choice. There's also plenty of Java
tools that make it easy for developers and beginners to use. There are many other good
reasons that make Java the first choice of any programmer:

 Java is open source, which means it's available free of cost.

 Java is simple and so easy to learn.

 Java is much in demand and ensures a high salary.

 Java has a large, vibrant community.

 Java has powerful development tools.

 Java is platform-independent.

Who should Learn Java

This Java tutorial will help both students as well as working professionals who want to
develop applications using Java technologies like banking systems, support systems,
information systems, websites, mobile apps, personal blogs, etc. We recommend reading
this tutorial in the sequence listed in the left-side menu.

Today, Java is one of the most demanding programming languages, and so it has become an
essential language to learn for anyone involved in the software application development
process, including software developers, software designers, project managers, etc.

Prerequisites to Learn Java

Though we have tried our best to present the Core Java concepts in a simple and easy way,
still, before you start learning Java, it is assumed that the readers have a reasonable
exposure to any programming environment and knowledge of basic concepts such as
variables, commands, syntax, etc.

Learn Java by Examples

This tutorial provides a set of Java examples. Practice these examples to learn the Java
concepts better: Java Examples

Java Online Quizzes

This Java tutorial helps you prepare for technical interviews and certification exams. We have
provided various quizzes and assignments to check your learning level. Given quizzes have
multiple-choice types of questions and their answers with short explanations.

Following is a sample quiz; try to attempt any of the given answers:

Show Answer

Q 1 - The Java programming language was developed by which of the following :

A - Google in 1990s

B - Micorsoft in 1980s

C - Sun Microsystems in 1995

D - None of the Above

Start your online quiz Start Java Quiz.

Download Java

Java's latest version can be downloaded from Oracle's official website: Java Downloads

Java Certification

Get certified in Java to boost your skills and careerGet certified

Frequently Asked Questions about Java Tutorial

There are some important frequently asked questions (FAQs) about Java Programming
tutorial, this section lists them down along with their answers briefly - −

1. What are the 4 important concepts in Java?

Java supports abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance. These are 4 major
theoretical principles of object-oriented programming. But Java also works with three
further OOP concepts: association, aggregation, and composition.

2. What are the benefits of Java?

 Java is free and open source

 Java is community driven and has expert leadership

 Java is fast and high-performance

 Java is easy to learn

 Java is statically typed

 Java is object-oriented

 Java supports functional programming

3. How much time will it take to learn Java?

Learning style and dedication to the amount of time you can spend each day affect a lot.
However, on average, it takes around 6 to 12 months to learn Java programming.
4. Why is Java a so popular programming language?

The Java language is easily extensible because it is based on an object model. Platform-
dependent. Unlike many other programming languages, Java is compiled, not into a
platform-dependent machine but into platform-independent byte code.

5. What are the advantages of Java over Python?

Python and Java are two of the most popular programming languages among software
programmers. Java is generally faster and more efficient than Python because it is a
compiled language, whereas Python is an interpreted language and has simpler, more
concise syntax than Java.

6. How do I start learning Java?

Here is the summarized list of tips that you can follow to start learning Java:

 First and most important is to make your mind to learn Java.

 Install Java Virtual Machine and Java Compilers on your computer system.

 Follow our tutorial step by step, starting from the very beginning.

 Read more articles, watch online courses, or buy a book on Java to enhance your
knowledge in Java.

 Try to develop small software using Java and other technologies like MySQL if you
want to make use of a database.

7. What are Java Technologies for Web Applications?

Java provides the following technologies to help web development:

 Java Servlet API.

 JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library.

 JavaServer Faces Technology.

 Java Message Service API.

 JDBC API.

 Java Persistence API.

 Java Naming and Directory Interface.

 NetBeans IDE.