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Java Tutorial
This Java tutorial has been written for beginners to advanced programmers who are
striving to learn Java programming. We have provided numerous practical examples to
explain the concepts in simple and easy steps. This tutorial has been prepared and
reviewed by experienced Java programmers at Tutorials Point, and the best effort has
been put into making it useful for the students and Java developers.

After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in
Java programming, from where you can elevate yourself to the next levels.

What is Java?
Java is a popular high-level,object-oriented programming language that was originally
developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. Currently, Java is owned by
Oracle, and more than 3 billion devices run Java. Java runs on a variety of platforms,
such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions ofUNIX. Today Java is being used
to develop numerous types of software applications, including desktop apps, mobile
apps, web apps, games, and much more.

Java is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers

Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA). This means that compiled Java code can
run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile.

In this tutorial, you will learn everything about Java, starting from basics to advanced
concepts such as overview, history, installations, basic input/output, conditional &
control statements, arrays, classes, inheritances, method overloading & overriding,
exception handling, and many more.
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Java First Example
The first example in Java is to print "Hello, World!" on the screen. Let's have a quick
look at the first examples in Java programming:

Open Compiler

public class MyFirstJavaProgram {

/* This is my first java program.

* This will print 'Hello, World!' as the output
*/

public static void main(String []args) {

[Link]("Hello, World!"); // prints Hello, World!
}
}

Getting Started with Java

Explore the following chapters to get started learning Java programming:

Java - Home

Java - Overview
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Java - History
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Java - Features

Java Vs. C++

JVM - Java Virtual Machine

Java - JDK vs JRE vs JVM

Java - Hello World Program

 Java - Environment Setup

Java - Basic Syntax

Java Basics
Explore the basic topics such as data types, operators, user input, etc.:

Java - Variable Types

Java - Data Types

Java - Type Casting

Java - Unicode System

Java - Basic Operators

Java - Comments

Java - User Input

Java - Date & Time

Java Conditional Statements

Furthermore, in Java, explore the conditional statements to implement the logic and
to make decisions based on the conditions:

Java - Decision Making

Java - If-else

Java - Switch

Java Loops and Control Statements

Explore the loops and control statements to learn how to control the execution of the
programming logics:

Java - Loop Control

Java - For Loops

Java - For-Each Loops

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Java - While Loops
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Java - do-while Loops

Java - Break

Java - Continue
Java String and Arrays
Explore the following strings and array-related chapters:

Java Strings and String Class

Java - Strings

Java OOPs
Explore the following chapters to learn the object-oriented programming approach in
Java:

Java - OOPs Concepts

Java - Object & Classes

Java - Class Attributes

Java - Class Methods

Java - Methods

Java - Variables Scope

Java - Constructors

Java - Access Modifiers

Java - Inheritance

Java - Aggregation

Java - Polymorphism

Java - Overriding

Java - Method Overloading

Java - Dynamic Binding

Java - Static Binding

Java - Instance Initializer Block

Java - Abstraction

Java - Encapsulation

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Java Collections and Interfaces -
Explore Java interfaces and collections-related chapters:

Java - Interfaces

Java - List Interface

Java - Queue Interface

 Java - Map Interface

Java - SortedMap Interface

Java - Set Interface

Java - SortedSet Interface

Java - Iterators

Java - Comparators

Java - Comparable Interface in Java

Java - Collections

Java - Collection Interface

Java Exceptional Handling

Explore the file handling chapters to learn how to create, write, read, and manipulate
the files and directories:

Java - Files

Java - Create a File

Java - Write to File

Java - Read Files

Java - Delete Files

Java - Directories

Java - I/O Streams

Java Multithreading
Explore the threading-related chapters to learn to manage multiple threads in Java:

Java - Multithreading

Java - Thread Life Cycle

Java - Creating a Thread

Java - Starting a Thread

Java - JoiningAdvertisement
Threads
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Java - Naming Thread

Java - Thread Scheduler

Java - Thread Pools

Java - Main Thread

Java - Thread Priority

 Java - Daemon Threads

Java - Thread Group

Java - Shutdown Hook

Java Practices
Java Quick Guide

Java Interview Questions

Java 8 Interview Questions

Java Online Test

Java Mock Test

Java References
Here, you can find the package, class, and method references −

Java Scanner Class

Java Arrays Class

Java Strings Class

Java Date Class

Java ArrayList Class

Java Vector Class

Java Stack Class

Java PriorityQueue Class

Java LinkedList Class

Java ArrayDeque Class

Java HashMap Class

Java LinkedHashMap Class

Java WeakHashMap Class

Java EnumMap Class

Java TreeMapAdvertisement
Class
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Java IdentityHashMap Class

Java HashSet Class

Java EnumSet Class

Java LinkedHashSet Class

Java TreeSet Class

 Java BitSet Class

Java Dictionary Class

Java Hashtable Class

Java Properties Class

Java Collection Class

Java Array Class

Online Java Compiler

Our Java programming tutorial provides various examples to explain the concepts. To
compile and execute the given Java programming examples in your browser itself, we
have provided Online Java Compiler. You can edit and run almost all the examples
directly from your browser without the need to set up your development environment.

Try to click the icon to run the following Java code to print conventional "Hello,
World!" using Java Programming.

Below code box allows you to change the value of the code. So, please try to change
the value inside println() and run it again to verify the result.

Open Compiler

public class MyFirstJavaProgram {

/* This is my first java program.

* This will print 'Hello, World!' as the output
*/

public static void main(String []args) {

[Link]("Hello, World!"); // prints Hello, World!
}
}

Java FeaturesAdvertisement
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Java is a feature-rich language. Java is evolving continuously with every update, and
updates are coming every six months. Following are some of the main features of the
Java language:
 Object Oriented: Java is a pure object-oriented language, and everything in
Java is an object. Java supports OOPS principles like Inheritance,
Encapsulation, Polymorphism, Classes , and so on. Java itself can be extended
as well, being based on an object model.

Platform Independent: Java code is platform independent. A Java code is

not compiled into machine-specific code; it is compiled into a platform-neutral
byte code. This byte code is executed by JVM which runs the code on the
underlying platform. This capability makes Java a Write Once Run Anywhere
language.

Easy To Learn: Java inherits features from C and C++, and developers can
easily learn Java if they know any of the C or C++ languages. Even for
someone new to computer languages, Java is very easy to learn from scratch.

Secure: Java is secure by architecture. A developer is not required to directly

interact with the underlying memory or operating system. Java provides
automatic garbage collection, so developers are not required to worry about
memory leaks, management, etc.

Architectural-Neutral: Java byte code can be executed on any kind of

processor. JRE automatically handles the code execution on different types of
processors.

Portable: A Java code written on a Windows machine can be executed without

any code change on MacOS and vice versa. There is no need to make any
operating system-specific code changes.

Robust: Java is a very robust language with very strong compile-time error
checks, strict type checking, and runtime exception handling.

Multithreading: Java provides inbuilt support for multiprocessing and

multithreading. Java provides thread handling, monitors, deadlock handling,
racing conditions, etc.

High Performance: Java, although being interpreted, is still very performant.

The JIT(Just In Time) compilerhelps in improving performance.

Distributed: Java is designed for distributed systems and is the most popular
language for developing internet-based applications as the internet is a
distributed environment.

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Java Applications -

Since Java supports object-oriented features and is platform-independent, it is

extensively used in various fields. Listed below are a few areas where Java is used -

Enterprise solutions
 Game development

Secured web development

Embedded systems

Mobile application development

Big Data Applications, and many more.

Java Platforms (Editions)

Platforms of Java are divided into four Java editions, which are −

Java SE (Java Standard Edition): It is a standard edition that is used to

develop and deploy portable code for desktop and server environments.

Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition): It is an enterprise edition that is used to

develop web applications.

Java ME (Java Micro Edition): J2ME is used to develop mobile applications;

it is a micro edition of Java.

JavaFx: It is used to develop lightweight user interfaces for rich internet

applications.

Java Jobs & Opportunities

Java is very in demand, and all the major companies are recruiting Java programmers
to develop their desktop, web, and mobile applications.

Today, a Java programmer with 3-5 years of experience is asking for around $120,000
in an in an annual package, and this is the most demanding programming language in
America. Though it can vary depending on the location of the job. Following are the
great companies that are using Java and they need good Java programmers:

Google

Microsoft

Facebook
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IBM -

Amazon

Netflix

Pinterest

Uber
 JetBrains

Many more...

So, you could be the next potential employee for any of these major companies. We
have developed great learning material for Java that will help you prepare for the
technical interviews and certification exams based on Java. So, start learning Java
using this simple and effective tutorial from anywhere and anytime, absolutely at your
pace.

Why to Learn Java?

Java is a MUST to learn programming language for students and working professionals
to become a great software engineer, especially when they are working in the
software development domain. If you will conduct a survey about the best
programming language around, Java is sure to come up.

Java is a fairly easy programming language to learn, so if you are starting to learn any
programming language, then Java could be your great choice. There's also plenty of
Java tools that make it easy for developers and beginners to use. There are many
other good reasons that make Java the first choice of any programmer:

Java is open source, which means it's available free of cost.

Java is simple and so easy to learn.

Java is much in demand and ensures a high salary.

Java has a large, vibrant community.

Java has powerful development tools.

Java is platform-independent.

Who should Learn Java

This Java tutorial will help both students as well as working professionals who want
to develop applications using Java technologies like banking systems, support
systems, information systems, websites, mobile apps, personal blogs, etc. We
recommend reading this tutorial in the sequence listed in the left-side menu.
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Today, Java is one of the most demanding programming languages, and so it has
become an essential language to learn for anyone involved in the software application
development process, including software developers, software designers, project
managers, etc.

Prerequisites to Learn Java

Though we have tried our best to present the Core Java concepts in a simple and easy
way, still, before you start learning Java, it is assumed that the readers have a
reasonable exposure to any programming environment and knowledge of basic
concepts such as variables, commands, syntax, etc.

Learn Java by Examples

This tutorial provides a set of Java examples. Practice these examples to learn the
Java concepts better: Java Examples

Java Online Quizzes

This Java tutorial helps you prepare for technical interviews and certification exams.
We have provided various quizzes and assignments to check your learning level. Given
quizzes have multiple-choice types of questions and their answers with short
explanations.

Following is a sample quiz; try to attempt any of the given answers:

Q 1 - The Java programming language was developed by which of the

following :

A - Google in 1990s

B - Micorsoft in 1980s

C - Sun Microsystems in 1995

D - None of the Above

Answer : C

Explanation
Java was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and it was
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released in May 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java
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Start your online quiz Start Java Quiz.

Download Java
Java's latest version can be downloaded from Oracle's official website: Java Downloads

Java Certification

Get certified in Java to boost your skills and career Get certified

Frequently Asked Questions about Java Tutorial

There are some important frequently asked questions (FAQs) about Java Programming
tutorial, this section lists them down along with their answers briefly - −

1. What are the 4 important concepts in Java?

Java supports abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance. These

are 4 major theoretical principles of object-oriented programming. But Java also
works with three further OOP concepts: association, aggregation, and
composition.

2. What are the benefits of Java?

Java is free and open source

Java is community driven and has expert leadership

Java is fast and high-performance

Java is easy to learn

Java is statically typed

Java is object-oriented

Java supports functional programming

3. How much time will it take to learn Java?

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Learning style and dedication to the amount of time you can spend each day
affect a lot. However, on average, it takes around 6 to 12 months to learn Java
programming.
4. Why is Java a so popular programming language?

The Java language is easily extensible because it is based on an object model.

Platform-dependent. Unlike many other programming languages, Java is
compiled, not into a platform-dependent machine but into platform-independent
byte code.

5. What are the advantages of Java over Python?

Python and Java are two of the most popular programming languages among
software programmers. Java is generally faster and more efficient than Python
because it is a compiled language, whereas Python is an interpreted language and
has simpler, more concise syntax than Java.

6. How do I start learning Java?

Here is the summarized list of tips that you can follow to start learning Java:

First and most important is to make your mind to learn Java.

Install Java Virtual Machine and Java Compilers on your computer system.

Follow our tutorial step by step, starting from the very beginning.

Read more articles, watch online courses, or buy a book on Java to

enhance your knowledge in Java.

Try to develop small software using Java and other technologies like
MySQL if you want to make use of a database.

7. What are Java Technologies for Web Applications?

Java provides the following technologies to help web development:

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Java Servlet API.

JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library.

JavaServer Faces Technology.

Java Message Service API.

JDBC API.
 Java Persistence API.

Java Naming and Directory Interface.

NetBeans IDE.

8. Which is the best place to learn Java?

You can use our simple and the best Java tutorial to learn Java and Advanced
Java. We have removed all the unnecessary complexity while teaching you Java
concepts. You can start learning it now Start Learning Java.

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