feat: add Implement Queue using Stacks

.templates/leetcode/json/implement_queue_using_stacks.json

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+    "problem_name": "implement_queue_using_stacks",
+    "solution_class_name": "MyQueue",
+    "problem_number": "232",
+    "problem_title": "Implement Queue using Stacks",
+    "difficulty": "Easy",
+    "topics": "Stack, Design, Queue",
+    "tags": ["grind-75"],
+    "readme_description": "Implement a first in first out (FIFO) queue using only two stacks. The implemented queue should support all the functions of a normal queue (`push`, `peek`, `pop`, and `empty`).\n\nImplement the `MyQueue` class:\n\n- `void push(int x)` Pushes element x to the back of the queue.\n- `int pop()` Removes the element from the front of the queue and returns it.\n- `int peek()` Returns the element at the front of the queue.\n- `boolean empty()` Returns `true` if the queue is empty, `false` otherwise.",
+    "readme_examples": [
+        {
+            "content": "```\nInput\n[\"MyQueue\", \"push\", \"push\", \"peek\", \"pop\", \"empty\"]\n[[], [1], [2], [], [], []]\nOutput\n[null, null, null, 1, 1, false]\n```\n**Explanation:**\n```\nMyQueue myQueue = new MyQueue();\nmyQueue.push(1); // queue is: [1]\nmyQueue.push(2); // queue is: [1, 2] (leftmost is front of the queue)\nmyQueue.peek(); // return 1\nmyQueue.pop(); // return 1, queue is [2]\nmyQueue.empty(); // return false\n```"
+        }
+    ],
+    "readme_constraints": "- 1 <= x <= 9\n- At most 100 calls will be made to push, pop, peek, and empty.\n- All the calls to pop and peek are valid.",
+    "readme_additional": "**Notes:**\n- You must use **only** standard operations of a stack, which means only `push to top`, `peek/pop from top`, `size`, and `is empty` operations are valid.\n- Depending on your language, the stack may not be supported natively. You may simulate a stack using a list or deque (double-ended queue) as long as you use only a stack's standard operations.\n\n**Follow-up:** Can you implement the queue such that each operation is amortized `O(1)` time complexity? In other words, performing `n` operations will take overall `O(n)` time even if one of those operations may take longer.",
+    "solution_imports": "",
+    "solution_methods": [
+        { "name": "__init__", "parameters": "", "return_type": "None", "dummy_return": "" },
+        { "name": "push", "parameters": "x: int", "return_type": "None", "dummy_return": "" },
+        { "name": "pop", "parameters": "", "return_type": "int", "dummy_return": "0" },
+        { "name": "peek", "parameters": "", "return_type": "int", "dummy_return": "0" },
+        { "name": "empty", "parameters": "", "return_type": "bool", "dummy_return": "True" }
+    ],
+    "test_imports": "import pytest\nfrom leetcode_py.test_utils import logged_test\nfrom .solution import MyQueue",
+    "test_class_name": "ImplementQueueUsingStacks",
+    "test_helper_methods": [],
+    "test_methods": [
+        {
+            "name": "test_queue_operations",
+            "parametrize": "operations, inputs, expected",
+            "parametrize_typed": "operations: list[str], inputs: list[list[int]], expected: list[int | None | bool]",
+            "test_cases": "[(['MyQueue', 'push', 'push', 'peek', 'pop', 'empty'], [[], [1], [2], [], [], []], [None, None, None, 1, 1, False]), (['MyQueue', 'empty', 'push', 'peek', 'pop', 'empty'], [[], [], [1], [], [], []], [None, True, None, 1, 1, True]), (['MyQueue', 'push', 'push', 'push', 'pop', 'pop', 'peek', 'pop', 'empty'], [[], [1], [2], [3], [], [], [], [], []], [None, None, None, None, 1, 2, 3, 3, True])]",
+            "body": "queue = None\nresults: list[int | None | bool] = []\nfor i, op in enumerate(operations):\n    if op == 'MyQueue':\n        queue = MyQueue()\n        results.append(None)\n    elif op == 'push' and queue is not None:\n        queue.push(inputs[i][0])\n        results.append(None)\n    elif op == 'pop' and queue is not None:\n        results.append(queue.pop())\n    elif op == 'peek' and queue is not None:\n        results.append(queue.peek())\n    elif op == 'empty' and queue is not None:\n        results.append(queue.empty())\nassert results == expected"
+        }
+    ],
+    "playground_imports": "from solution import MyQueue",
+    "playground_test_case": "# Example test case\nqueue = MyQueue()\nqueue.push(1)\nqueue.push(2)",
+    "playground_execution": "result_peek = queue.peek()\nresult_pop = queue.pop()\nresult_empty = queue.empty()\nprint(f'peek: {result_peek}, pop: {result_pop}, empty: {result_empty}')",
+    "playground_assertion": "assert result_peek == 1\nassert result_pop == 1\nassert result_empty == False"
+}

.templates/leetcode/json/valid_anagram.json

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+    "problem_name": "valid_anagram",
+    "solution_class_name": "Solution",
+    "problem_number": "242",
+    "problem_title": "Valid Anagram",
+    "difficulty": "Easy",
+    "topics": "Hash Table, String, Sorting",
+    "tags": ["grind-75"],
+    "readme_description": "Given two strings `s` and `t`, return `true` if `t` is an anagram of `s`, and `false` otherwise.",
+    "readme_examples": [
+        { "content": "```\nInput: s = \"anagram\", t = \"nagaram\"\nOutput: true\n```" },
+        { "content": "```\nInput: s = \"rat\", t = \"car\"\nOutput: false\n```" }
+    ],
+    "readme_constraints": "- 1 <= s.length, t.length <= 5 * 10^4\n- s and t consist of lowercase English letters.",
+    "readme_additional": "**Follow up:** What if the inputs contain Unicode characters? How would you adapt your solution to such a case?",
+    "solution_imports": "",
+    "solution_methods": [
+        {
+            "name": "is_anagram",
+            "parameters": "s: str, t: str",
+            "return_type": "bool",
+            "dummy_return": "False"
+        }
+    ],
+    "test_imports": "import pytest\nfrom leetcode_py.test_utils import logged_test\nfrom .solution import Solution",
+    "test_class_name": "ValidAnagram",
+    "test_helper_methods": [
+        { "name": "setup_method", "parameters": "", "body": "self.solution = Solution()" }
+    ],
+    "test_methods": [
+        {
+            "name": "test_is_anagram",
+            "parametrize": "s, t, expected",
+            "parametrize_typed": "s: str, t: str, expected: bool",
+            "test_cases": "[('anagram', 'nagaram', True), ('rat', 'car', False), ('listen', 'silent', True), ('hello', 'bello', False), ('', '', True), ('a', 'a', True), ('a', 'b', False), ('ab', 'ba', True)]",
+            "body": "result = self.solution.is_anagram(s, t)\nassert result == expected"
+        }
+    ],
+    "playground_imports": "from solution import Solution",
+    "playground_test_case": "# Example test case\ns = 'anagram'\nt = 'nagaram'\nexpected = True",
+    "playground_execution": "result = Solution().is_anagram(s, t)\nresult",
+    "playground_assertion": "assert result == expected"
+}

Makefile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 PYTHON_VERSION = 3.13
-PROBLEM ?= best_time_to_buy_and_sell_stock
+PROBLEM ?= implement_queue_using_stacks
 FORCE ?= 0
 COMMA := ,
 

leetcode/implement_queue_using_stacks/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Implement Queue using Stacks
+
+**Difficulty:** Easy
+**Topics:** Stack, Design, Queue
+**Tags:** grind-75
+
+**LeetCode:** [Problem 232](https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-queue-using-stacks/description/)
+
+## Problem Description
+
+Implement a first in first out (FIFO) queue using only two stacks. The implemented queue should support all the functions of a normal queue (`push`, `peek`, `pop`, and `empty`).
+
+Implement the `MyQueue` class:
+
+- `void push(int x)` Pushes element x to the back of the queue.
+- `int pop()` Removes the element from the front of the queue and returns it.
+- `int peek()` Returns the element at the front of the queue.
+- `boolean empty()` Returns `true` if the queue is empty, `false` otherwise.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Example 1:
+
+```
+Input
+["MyQueue", "push", "push", "peek", "pop", "empty"]
+[[], [1], [2], [], [], []]
+Output
+[null, null, null, 1, 1, false]
+```
+
+**Explanation:**
+
+```
+MyQueue myQueue = new MyQueue();
+myQueue.push(1); // queue is: [1]
+myQueue.push(2); // queue is: [1, 2] (leftmost is front of the queue)
+myQueue.peek(); // return 1
+myQueue.pop(); // return 1, queue is [2]
+myQueue.empty(); // return false
+```
+
+## Constraints
+
+- 1 <= x <= 9
+- At most 100 calls will be made to push, pop, peek, and empty.
+- All the calls to pop and peek are valid.
+
+**Notes:**
+
+- You must use **only** standard operations of a stack, which means only `push to top`, `peek/pop from top`, `size`, and `is empty` operations are valid.
+- Depending on your language, the stack may not be supported natively. You may simulate a stack using a list or deque (double-ended queue) as long as you use only a stack's standard operations.
+
+**Follow-up:** Can you implement the queue such that each operation is amortized `O(1)` time complexity? In other words, performing `n` operations will take overall `O(n)` time even if one of those operations may take longer.

leetcode/implement_queue_using_stacks/playground.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "id": "imports",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "from solution import MyQueue"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "id": "setup",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Example test case\n",
+    "queue = MyQueue()\n",
+    "queue.push(1)\n",
+    "queue.push(2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "id": "execute",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "peek: 1, pop: 1, empty: False\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "result_peek = queue.peek()\n",
+    "result_pop = queue.pop()\n",
+    "result_empty = queue.empty()\n",
+    "print(f\"peek: {result_peek}, pop: {result_pop}, empty: {result_empty}\")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "id": "test",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "assert result_peek == 1\n",
+    "assert result_pop == 1\n",
+    "assert not result_empty"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "leetcode-py-py3.13",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.13.7"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}

leetcode/implement_queue_using_stacks/solution.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+class MyQueue:
+    # Time: O(1)
+    # Space: O(n)
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.input_stack: list[int] = []
+        self.output_stack: list[int] = []
+
+    # Time: O(1)
+    # Space: O(1)
+    def push(self, x: int) -> None:
+        self.input_stack.append(x)
+
+    # Time: O(1) amortized
+    # Space: O(1)
+    def pop(self) -> int:
+        self._move_to_output()
+        return self.output_stack.pop()
+
+    # Time: O(1) amortized
+    # Space: O(1)
+    def peek(self) -> int:
+        self._move_to_output()
+        return self.output_stack[-1]
+
+    # Time: O(1)
+    # Space: O(1)
+    def empty(self) -> bool:
+        return not self.input_stack and not self.output_stack
+
+    def _move_to_output(self) -> None:
+        if not self.output_stack:
+            while self.input_stack:
+                self.output_stack.append(self.input_stack.pop())
+
+
+# Amortized O(1) Explanation:
+# Example with 4 push + 4 pop operations:
+#
+# push(1)  # input: [1], output: []           - O(1)
+# push(2)  # input: [1,2], output: []         - O(1)
+# push(3)  # input: [1,2,3], output: []       - O(1)
+# push(4)  # input: [1,2,3,4], output: []     - O(1)
+#
+# pop()    # Move all 4 to output: input: [], output: [4,3,2,1] then pop 1  - O(4)
+# pop()    # output: [4,3,2], just pop 2                                     - O(1)
+# pop()    # output: [4,3], just pop 3                                       - O(1)
+# pop()    # output: [4], just pop 4                                         - O(1)
+#
+# Total cost: 4 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 11 operations for 8 calls = 1.4 per operation
+# Key: Each element moves exactly once from input to output, so expensive O(n)
+# transfer is "spread out" over multiple cheap O(1) operations = amortized O(1)

leetcode/implement_queue_using_stacks/tests.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import pytest
+
+from leetcode_py.test_utils import logged_test
+
+from .solution import MyQueue
+
+
+class TestImplementQueueUsingStacks:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "operations, inputs, expected",
+        [
+            (
+                ["MyQueue", "push", "push", "peek", "pop", "empty"],
+                [[], [1], [2], [], [], []],
+                [None, None, None, 1, 1, False],
+            ),
+            (
+                ["MyQueue", "empty", "push", "peek", "pop", "empty"],
+                [[], [], [1], [], [], []],
+                [None, True, None, 1, 1, True],
+            ),
+            (
+                ["MyQueue", "push", "push", "push", "pop", "pop", "peek", "pop", "empty"],
+                [[], [1], [2], [3], [], [], [], [], []],
+                [None, None, None, None, 1, 2, 3, 3, True],
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    @logged_test
+    def test_queue_operations(
+        self, operations: list[str], inputs: list[list[int]], expected: list[int | None | bool]
+    ):
+        queue = None
+        results: list[int | None | bool] = []
+        for i, op in enumerate(operations):
+            if op == "MyQueue":
+                queue = MyQueue()
+                results.append(None)
+            elif op == "push" and queue is not None:
+                queue.push(inputs[i][0])
+                results.append(None)
+            elif op == "pop" and queue is not None:
+                results.append(queue.pop())
+            elif op == "peek" and queue is not None:
+                results.append(queue.peek())
+            elif op == "empty" and queue is not None:
+                results.append(queue.empty())
+        assert results == expected

leetcode/valid_anagram/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Valid Anagram
+
+**Difficulty:** Easy
+**Topics:** Hash Table, String, Sorting
+**Tags:** grind-75
+
+**LeetCode:** [Problem 242](https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-anagram/description/)
+
+## Problem Description
+
+Given two strings `s` and `t`, return `true` if `t` is an anagram of `s`, and `false` otherwise.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Example 1:
+
+```
+Input: s = "anagram", t = "nagaram"
+Output: true
+```
+
+### Example 2:
+
+```
+Input: s = "rat", t = "car"
+Output: false
+```
+
+## Constraints
+
+- 1 <= s.length, t.length <= 5 \* 10^4
+- s and t consist of lowercase English letters.
+
+**Follow up:** What if the inputs contain Unicode characters? How would you adapt your solution to such a case?