- Agentic AI: patterns, safety, guardrails, error taxonomies, zero trust
- LLMs: RAG, fine-tuning, evaluation, inference optimisation
- Deep Learning: transformers, BERT, GPT, Mixture of Experts, computer vision
- MLOps: model serving, experiment tracking, monitoring, governance
- Distributed systems, microservices, event sourcing, high availability
- Design patterns, DDD, resilience, observability, capacity planning
- Cloud: AWS, Azure, GCP (well-architected frameworks, cost optimisation)
- Platform engineering, IaC (CloudFormation, Crossplane), CI/CD
- Data: dimensional modelling, vector databases, database scaling

