Add OpenAPI Links support (#615)

[kingdomOfIT]

Closes #615

Adds support for defining OpenAPI Links on path operations via the links
kwarg on APISpec.path(), as discussed in the issue with @zedrdave.

Links accept a dictionary of tuples in the format agreed with @lafrech:

links={
"GetUser": ("/users/{user_id}", "GET"),
"UpdateUser": ("/users/{user_id}", "PUT"),
"GetUserCustomParam": ("/users/{user_id}", "GET", {"user_id": "$response.body#/id"})
}

Implementation automatically uses operationId when the target operation
has one registered, falling back to operationRef with JSON Pointer escaping
when not. Links are only processed for OpenAPI 3+.

[lafrech]

Thanks for contributing!

Just a few minor comments.

[lafrech]

Thanks. This looks good.

There is indeed a lot of new tests, so OK for the new file, no big deal.

[lafrech]

Leaving this open for a few days to let other users/maintainers give it a look.

Feel free to ping me if this gets out of my head and doesn't ship next week.