[C++][Parquet] Expand ParquetVersion enum values

[pitrou]

Describe the enhancement requested

The latest released Parquet format version is 2.10.0, but our ParquetVersion enum only goes up to 2.6.0. We should fill in the missing values. For example, 2.8.0 adds the BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT encoding for floats.

Component(s)

C++, Parquet

[pitrou]

cc @jorisvandenbossche @mapleFU @wgtmac

[mapleFU]

@pitrou I've considering this problem before, we talked about it here: #35776 , I forgot this previously