build(linux): add ubuntu 24.04

[ReenigneArcher]

Description

This PR adds Ubuntu 24.04 support. Mostly a copy/paste from Ubuntu 22.04, changing dependency version numbers.

Screenshot

Issues Fixed or Closed

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Dependency update (updates to dependencies)
• Documentation update (changes to documentation)
• Repository update (changes to repository files, e.g. .github/...)

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have added or updated the in code docstring/documentation-blocks for new or existing methods/components

Branch Updates

LizardByte requires that branches be up-to-date before merging. This means that after any PR is merged, this branch
must be updated before it can be merged. You must also
Allow edits from maintainers.

• I want maintainers to keep my branch updated

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 6.50%. Comparing base (73fe31d) to head (d61c843).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           nightly   #2326   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage     6.50%   6.50%           
=======================================
  Files           85      85           
  Lines        18382   18382           
  Branches      8348    8348           
=======================================
  Hits          1196    1196           
- Misses       16062   16103   +41     
+ Partials      1124    1083   -41     

Flag	Coverage Δ
Linux	4.42% <ø> (ø)
Windows	2.00% <ø> (ø)
macOS-12	8.74% <ø> (ø)
macOS-13	8.08% <ø> (ø)
macOS-14	8.39% <ø> (ø)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

see 15 files with indirect coverage changes

[ReenigneArcher]

#17 3.205 Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
#17 3.205 requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
#17 3.205 distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
#17 3.205 or been moved out of Incoming.
#17 3.205 The following information may help to resolve the situation:
#17 3.205 
#17 3.205 The following packages have unmet dependencies:
#17 3.280  libavcodec-dev : Depends: libavcodec60 (= 7:6.1.1-1ubuntu1)
#17 3.280  libavdevice60 : Depends: libavcodec60 (>= 7:6.0)
#17 3.280                  Depends: libavfilter9 (>= 7:6.0)
#17 3.280                  Depends: libavformat60 (= 7:6.1.1-1ubuntu1)
#17 3.280  libavfilter-dev : Depends: libavfilter9 (= 7:6.1.1-1ubuntu1)
#17 3.280  libavformat-dev : Depends: libavformat60 (= 7:6.1.1-1ubuntu1)
#17 3.285 E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.