Question 1

What are the most important cybersecurity best practices?

Accepted Answer

The most critical cybersecurity best practices include: implementing zero-trust architecture with multi-factor authentication (MFA), maintaining comprehensive patch management for vulnerabilities, encrypting data at rest and in transit using TLS 1.3+, performing regular security testing (SAST, DAST, SCA), establishing incident response plans, implementing the principle of least privilege access controls, conducting threat modeling using frameworks like STRIDE, maintaining secure software development lifecycle (SDLC) practices, ensuring continuous security monitoring and logging, and publishing transparent security documentation. For detailed implementation guidance, see our Information Security Policy, Secure Development Policy, and Vulnerability Management resources.

Question 2

How do I implement ISO 27001:2022?

Accepted Answer

Implementing ISO 27001:2022 requires establishing an Information Security Management System (ISMS) with: risk assessment methodology, comprehensive security policies covering all 93 Annex A controls, documented procedures for incident response and business continuity, asset inventory and classification framework, access control policies with authentication mechanisms, vulnerability management processes, regular security audits and reviews, management commitment and resource allocation, employee security awareness training, and continuous improvement cycles. Start with our Compliance Framework, review our public ISMS repository demonstrating radical transparency, and follow our evidence-based compliance approach. Key success factors: executive buy-in, realistic scope definition, and treating compliance as a continuous process rather than annual audit theater.

Question 3

What is the CIA Triad and why does it matter?

Accepted Answer

The CIA Triad is the foundational security model consisting of three principles: Confidentiality (ensuring sensitive information is accessible only to authorized individuals), Integrity (guaranteeing data accuracy and trustworthiness throughout its lifecycle), and Availability (ensuring information and systems are accessible when needed by authorized users). It matters because every security decision, control, and investment should balance these three principles based on business impact. Over-focusing on confidentiality while neglecting availability leads to unusable systems. Prioritizing availability without integrity results in untrustworthy data. Our comprehensive CIA Triad FAQ provides detailed implementation guidance, real-world examples, and business impact analysis. See also our Compliance Manager architecture demonstrating practical CIA Triad assessment.

Question 4

How do I create a threat model using STRIDE?

Accepted Answer

Creating a STRIDE threat model involves six threat categories: Spoofing (identity forgery), Tampering (data modification), Repudiation (denying actions), Information Disclosure (data exposure), Denial of Service (availability disruption), and Elevation of Privilege (unauthorized access). Process: identify assets and data flows, decompose architecture using diagrams (data flow, C4 model), apply STRIDE to each component systematically, assess likelihood and impact for each threat, prioritize based on risk rating, implement mitigations and controls, document assumptions and exclusions, and review regularly as architecture evolves. Our Threat Modeling Policy provides methodology details, and real examples from CIA Security Analysis and Compliance Manager STRIDE analysis demonstrate practical application across different architecture types.

Question 5

What are common ISMS implementation mistakes?

Accepted Answer

Common ISMS implementation failures include: treating compliance as a checkbox exercise rather than risk management, implementing security theater without substance (policies nobody follows), over-classifying everything as 'critical' without business impact analysis, neglecting continuous improvement and treating ISMS as 'set and forget', failing to obtain executive commitment and adequate resources, creating documentation silos instead of integrated knowledge management, ignoring information hoarding that destroys data integrity, implementing controls without measuring their effectiveness, conducting annual reviews instead of continuous monitoring, and hiding security practices instead of embracing transparency. Learn from our analysis of information hoarding problems, understand transparency benefits, and review our strategic review approach for continuous improvement instead of compliance theater.

Question 6

How do I integrate security into DevOps (DevSecOps)?

Accepted Answer

DevSecOps integration requires shifting security left in the development lifecycle: implement automated security testing in CI/CD pipelines (SAST for code analysis, SCA for dependency scanning, DAST for runtime testing), establish security gates that prevent vulnerable code from reaching production, integrate SBOM generation and supply chain security validation, implement Infrastructure as Code (IaC) security scanning for CloudFormation/Terraform, use container scanning and signing for Docker images, enforce security policies through automated tools rather than manual reviews, implement secrets management (never commit credentials), maintain comprehensive audit logging and monitoring, conduct regular security training for developers, and measure security metrics continuously. See our Secure Development Policy for detailed requirements and CIA Workflows analysis demonstrating five-stage DevSecOps automation in production.

Question 7

What is the difference between SAST, DAST, and SCA?

Accepted Answer

SAST (Static Application Security Testing) analyzes source code without execution to find vulnerabilities like SQL injection, XSS, and insecure configurations—runs early in development, provides line-number precision, but may produce false positives. DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing) tests running applications by simulating attacks to discover runtime vulnerabilities, authentication issues, and configuration problems—finds issues SAST misses but requires deployed application and provides less precise location information. SCA (Software Composition Analysis) examines third-party dependencies, libraries, and open-source components for known vulnerabilities (CVEs), license compliance issues, and outdated packages—critical for supply chain security. Effective security requires all three: SAST catches code issues during development, SCA identifies vulnerable dependencies before deployment, and DAST validates security in production-like environments. Our Vulnerability Management Policy details comprehensive testing strategy.

Question 8

How do I handle security incidents effectively?

Accepted Answer

Effective incident response follows structured phases: Preparation (establish incident response team, define procedures, maintain contact lists, prepare communication templates), Detection and Analysis (monitor security events, classify incident severity, document initial findings, preserve evidence), Containment (isolate affected systems, prevent lateral movement, implement short-term containment quickly, plan long-term containment strategy), Eradication (remove malware, close vulnerabilities, verify threat elimination, patch systems), Recovery (restore systems from clean backups, validate integrity, monitor for reinfection, return to normal operations gradually), and Post-Incident Review (conduct blameless postmortem, identify improvements, update procedures, provide training). Critical success factors: assume a breach mentality, practice incident response regularly, maintain audit logs, have tested backup/recovery procedures, and establish a coordinated disclosure process. Review our Incident Response Plan for detailed procedures and playbooks.

Question 9

What are Annex A controls in ISO 27001?

Accepted Answer

ISO 27001:2022 Annex A contains 93 security controls across four themes: Organizational controls (37 controls covering policies, asset management, human resources security, supplier relationships), People controls (8 controls for security awareness, training, and disciplinary processes), Physical controls (14 controls addressing physical security, environmental security, and secure disposal), and Technological controls (34 controls covering access control, cryptography, network security, system acquisition, and incident management). Organizations must perform risk assessment to determine which controls apply to their context—not all 93 are mandatory, but decisions must be justified in Statement of Applicability (SoA). Implementation should be evidence-based, not checkbox compliance theater. Our Compliance Frameworks guide maps Annex A to NIST CSF 2.0 and CIS Controls for comprehensive coverage, and our public ISMS repository demonstrates transparent implementation.

Question 10

How do I maintain ISMS after certification?

Accepted Answer

ISMS maintenance requires continuous improvement, not annual compliance theater: conduct quarterly strategic reviews assessing emerging threats, technology changes, and business context evolution; perform regular internal audits using a risk-based approach rather than checkbox exercises; monitor and measure security metrics continuously (not just before surveillance audits); update risk assessments when significant changes occur (new systems, threats, regulations); maintain living documentation that evolves with actual practices; provide ongoing security awareness training adapted to current threat landscape; review and test incident response procedures regularly; track and remediate non-conformances systematically; engage stakeholders continuously rather than only during audit season; and embrace transparency to enable external feedback and improvement. The goal: security becomes business-as-usual, not compliance event. Our ISMS Strategic Review approach and public ISMS benefits analysis demonstrate continuous improvement over certification theater.

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