diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index a4296d591b8..b4f0b6cbb44 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ readme.rst
 tests/codeigniter/ export-ignore
 tests/travis/ export-ignore
 
-# User Guide Source Files
-user_guide_src
-
-# User Guide Compiled Files
+# User Guide source files and compiled files
+user_guide_src export-ignore
 user_guide export-ignore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-phpunit.yml b/.github/workflows/test-phpunit.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c660b937e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-phpunit.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+name: PHPUnit
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    env:
+      PHP_INI_VALUES: assert.exception=1, zend.assertions=1
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        php: [ '8.1', '8.0', '7.4', '7.3', '7.2', '7.1', '7.0', '5.6', '5.5', '5.4']
+        DB: [ 'pdo/mysql', 'pdo/pgsql', 'pdo/sqlite', 'mysqli', 'pgsql', 'sqlite' ]
+        compiler: [ default ]
+        include:
+          - php: '8.1'
+            DB: 'pdo/mysql'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '8.1'
+            DB: 'pdo/pgsql'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '8.1'
+            DB: 'pdo/sqlite'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '8.1'
+            DB: 'mysqli'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '8.1'
+            DB: 'pgsql'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '8.1'
+            DB: 'sqlite'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '8.0'
+            DB: 'pdo/mysql'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '8.0'
+            DB: 'pdo/pgsql'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '8.0'
+            DB: 'pdo/sqlite'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '8.0'
+            DB: 'mysqli'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '8.0'
+            DB: 'pgsql'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '8.0'
+            DB: 'sqlite'
+            compiler: jit
+          - php: '5.6'
+            DB: 'mysql'
+            compiler: default
+          - php: '5.5'
+            DB: 'mysql'
+            compiler: default
+          - php: '5.4'
+            DB: 'mysql'
+            compiler: default
+
+    services:
+      postgres:
+        image: postgres:12
+        env:
+          POSTGRES_USER: postgres
+          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
+          POSTGRES_DB: ci_test
+        ports:
+          - 5432:5432
+        options: --health-cmd=pg_isready --health-interval=10s --health-timeout=5s --health-retries=3
+
+      mysql:
+        image: mysql:5.7
+        env:
+          MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD: true
+          MYSQL_USER: travis
+          MYSQL_PASSWORD: travis
+          MYSQL_DATABASE: ci_test
+        ports:
+          - 3306:3306
+        options: --health-cmd="mysqladmin ping" --health-interval=10s --health-timeout=5s --health-retries=3
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Override PHP ini values for JIT compiler
+        if: matrix.compiler == 'jit'
+        run: echo "PHP_INI_VALUES::assert.exception=1, zend.assertions=1, opcache.enable=1, opcache.enable_cli=1, opcache.optimization_level=-1, opcache.jit=1255, opcache.jit_buffer_size=64M" >> $GITHUB_ENV 
+
+      - name: Install PHP${{ matrix.php }} - DB ${{ matrix.DB }}
+        uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
+        with:
+          php-version: ${{ matrix.php }}
+          tools: composer, pecl
+          extensions: imagick, sqlite3, pgsql, mysqli, pdo, pdo_mysql, pdo_pgsql, pdo_sqlite, mbstring
+          ini-values: ${{ env.PHP_INI_VALUES }}
+          coverage: xdebug
+
+      - name: Get composer cache directory
+        id: composer-cache
+        run: echo "::set-output name=dir::$(composer config cache-files-dir)"
+      - name: Cache composer dependencies
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.composer-cache.outputs.dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-composer-${{ hashFiles('**/composer.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-composer-   
+      - name: Install composer dependencies
+        run: composer install --no-progress --prefer-dist --optimize-autoloader
+
+      - name: PHPUnit Test
+        run: |
+          php -d error_reporting=E_ALL -d zend.enable_gc=0 -d date.timezone=UTC -d mbstring.func_overload=7 -d mbstring.internal_encoding=UTF-8 vendor/bin/phpunit --coverage-text --configuration tests/travis/${{ matrix.DB }}.phpunit.xml
+        env:
+          XDEBUG_MODE: coverage
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 269044ea9ea..323f06468b9 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ application/logs/*
 !application/*/.htaccess
 
 composer.lock
+tests/mocks/database/ci_test.sqlite
 
 user_guide_src/build/*
 user_guide_src/cilexer/build/*
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 5070c24c2cb..00000000000
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-language: php
-os: linux
-dist: xenial
-
-php:
-  - 5.6
-  - 7.0
-  - 7.1
-  - 7.2
-  - 7.3
-  - 7.4
-  - nightly
-
-env:
-  - DB=mysqli
-  - DB=pgsql
-  - DB=sqlite
-  - DB=pdo/mysql
-  - DB=pdo/pgsql
-  - DB=pdo/sqlite
-
-services:
-  - mysql
-  - postgresql
-
-cache:
-  directories:
-    - $HOME/.composer/cache
-
-before_script:
-  - sh -c "composer install --no-progress"
-  - sh -c "if [ '$DB' = 'pgsql' ] || [ '$DB' = 'pdo/pgsql' ]; then psql -c 'DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS ci_test;' -U postgres; fi"
-  - sh -c "if [ '$DB' = 'pgsql' ] || [ '$DB' = 'pdo/pgsql' ]; then psql -c 'create database ci_test;' -U postgres; fi"
-  - sh -c "if [ '$DB' = 'mysql' ] || [ '$DB' = 'mysqli' ] || [ '$DB' = 'pdo/mysql' ]; then mysql -e 'create database IF NOT EXISTS ci_test;'; fi"
-
-script: php -d zend.enable_gc=0 -d date.timezone=UTC -d mbstring.func_overload=7 -d mbstring.internal_encoding=UTF-8 vendor/bin/phpunit --coverage-text --configuration tests/travis/$DB.phpunit.xml
-
-jobs:
-  allow_failures:
-    - php: nightly
-    - php: hhvm-3.30
-  include:
-    - php: 5.4
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=mysql
-    - php: 5.4
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=mysqli
-    - php: 5.4
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=pgsql
-    - php: 5.4
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=sqlite
-    - php: 5.4
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=pdo/mysql
-    - php: 5.4
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=pdo/pgsql
-    - php: 5.4
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=pdo/sqlite
-    - php: 5.5
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=mysql
-    - php: 5.5
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=mysqli
-    - php: 5.5
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=pgsql
-    - php: 5.5
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=sqlite
-    - php: 5.5
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=pdo/mysql
-    - php: 5.5
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=pdo/pgsql
-    - php: 5.5
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=pdo/sqlite
-    - php: 5.6
-      dist: xenial
-      env: DB=mysql
-    - php: hhvm-3.30
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=mysql
-    - php: hhvm-3.30
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=mysqli
-    - php: hhvm-3.30
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=sqlite
-    - php: hhvm-3.30
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=pdo/mysql
-    - php: hhvm-3.30
-      dist: trusty
-      env: DB=pdo/sqlite
-
-branches:
-  only:
-    - develop
-    - 3.0-stable
-    - 3.1-stable
-    - /^feature\/.+$/
diff --git a/application/config/config.php b/application/config/config.php
index f92d11f5db7..1e37856fec6 100644
--- a/application/config/config.php
+++ b/application/config/config.php
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 |
 | WARNING: You MUST set this value!
 |
-| If it is not set, then CodeIgniter will try guess the protocol and path
-| your installation, but due to security concerns the hostname will be set
-| to $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'] if available, or localhost otherwise.
+| If it is not set, then CodeIgniter will try to guess the protocol and
+| path to your installation, but due to security concerns the hostname will
+| be set to $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'] if available, or localhost otherwise.
 | The auto-detection mechanism exists only for convenience during
 | development and MUST NOT be used in production!
 |
@@ -228,17 +228,14 @@
 
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Log File Extension
+| Error Logging FILENAME
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |
-| The default filename extension for log files. The default 'php' allows for
-| protecting the log files via basic scripting, when they are to be stored
-| under a publicly accessible directory.
-|
-| Note: Leaving it blank will default to 'php'.
+| Leave this BLANK unless you would like to set something other than the default
+| 'log-'.date('Y-m-d').'.php'. No DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR(s), just the filename.
 |
 */
-$config['log_file_extension'] = '';
+$config['log_filename'] = '';
 
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -329,6 +326,10 @@
 |
 |	The session cookie name, must contain only [0-9a-z_-] characters
 |
+| 'sess_samesite'
+|
+|	Session cookie SameSite attribute: Lax (default), Strict or None
+|
 | 'sess_expiration'
 |
 |	The number of SECONDS you want the session to last.
@@ -369,6 +370,7 @@
 */
 $config['sess_driver'] = 'files';
 $config['sess_cookie_name'] = 'ci_session';
+$config['sess_samesite'] = 'Lax';
 $config['sess_expiration'] = 7200;
 $config['sess_save_path'] = NULL;
 $config['sess_match_ip'] = FALSE;
@@ -385,6 +387,7 @@
 | 'cookie_path'     = Typically will be a forward slash
 | 'cookie_secure'   = Cookie will only be set if a secure HTTPS connection exists.
 | 'cookie_httponly' = Cookie will only be accessible via HTTP(S) (no javascript)
+| 'cookie_samesite' = Cookie's samesite attribute (Lax, Strict or None)
 |
 | Note: These settings (with the exception of 'cookie_prefix' and
 |       'cookie_httponly') will also affect sessions.
@@ -395,6 +398,7 @@
 $config['cookie_path']		= '/';
 $config['cookie_secure']	= FALSE;
 $config['cookie_httponly'] 	= FALSE;
+$config['cookie_samesite'] 	= 'Lax';
 
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/application/config/database.php b/application/config/database.php
index 77748959f9f..43a0d2b1c9c 100644
--- a/application/config/database.php
+++ b/application/config/database.php
@@ -66,13 +66,8 @@
 |
 | The $active_group variable lets you choose which connection group to
 | make active.  By default there is only one group (the 'default' group).
-|
-| The $query_builder variables lets you determine whether or not to load
-| the query builder class.
 */
 $active_group = 'default';
-$query_builder = TRUE;
-
 $db['default'] = array(
 	'dsn'	=> '',
 	'hostname' => 'localhost',
diff --git a/application/config/mimes.php b/application/config/mimes.php
index f5407ff899b..b2e989fea9e 100644
--- a/application/config/mimes.php
+++ b/application/config/mimes.php
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
 	'cdr'	=>	array('application/cdr', 'application/coreldraw', 'application/x-cdr', 'application/x-coreldraw', 'image/cdr', 'image/x-cdr', 'zz-application/zz-winassoc-cdr'),
 	'wma'	=>	array('audio/x-ms-wma', 'video/x-ms-asf'),
 	'jar'	=>	array('application/java-archive', 'application/x-java-application', 'application/x-jar', 'application/x-compressed'),
-	'svg'	=>	array('image/svg+xml', 'application/xml', 'text/xml'),
+	'svg'	=>	array('image/svg+xml', 'image/svg', 'application/xml', 'text/xml'),
 	'vcf'	=>	'text/x-vcard',
 	'srt'	=>	array('text/srt', 'text/plain'),
 	'vtt'	=>	array('text/vtt', 'text/plain'),
diff --git a/build-release.sh b/build-release.sh
index 6b3b31d1228..ea549756050 100755
--- a/build-release.sh
+++ b/build-release.sh
@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ fi
 
 echo "Running tests ..."
 
-cd tests/
-phpunit
+php -d zend.enable_gc=0 -d date.timezone=UTC -d mbstring.func_overload=7 -d mbstring.internal_encoding=UTF-8 vendor/bin/phpunit --coverage-text --configuration tests/travis/sqlite.phpunit.xml
 
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]
 then
@@ -56,7 +55,6 @@ then
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-cd ..
 cd user_guide_src/
 
 echo ""
@@ -73,19 +71,6 @@ then
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-echo "Building EPUB docs; please check output for warnings ..."
-echo ""
-
-make epub
-
-echo ""
-
-if [ $? -ne 0 ]
-then
-	echo "Build FAILED!"
-	exit 1
-fi
-
 cd ..
 
 if [ -d user_guide/ ]
@@ -94,6 +79,6 @@ then
 fi
 
 cp -r user_guide_src/build/html/ user_guide/
-cp user_guide_src/build/epub/CodeIgniter.epub "CodeIgniter ${version_number}.epub"
+git add user_guide/
 
 echo "Build complete."
diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 39c7e77c4d9..f5b4e8db43d 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -16,8 +16,20 @@
 	"suggest": {
 		"paragonie/random_compat": "Provides better randomness in PHP 5.x"
 	},
+	"scripts": {
+		"test:coverage": [
+			"@putenv XDEBUG_MODE=coverage",
+			"phpunit --color=always --coverage-text --configuration tests/travis/sqlite.phpunit.xml"
+		],
+		"post-install-cmd": [
+			"sed -i s/name{0}/name[0]/ vendor/mikey179/vfsstream/src/main/php/org/bovigo/vfs/vfsStream.php"
+		],
+		"post-update-cmd": [
+			"sed -i s/name{0}/name[0]/ vendor/mikey179/vfsstream/src/main/php/org/bovigo/vfs/vfsStream.php"
+		]
+	},
 	"require-dev": {
-		"mikey179/vfsstream": "1.1.*",
-		"phpunit/phpunit": "4.* || 5.*"
+		"mikey179/vfsstream": "1.6.*",
+		"phpunit/phpunit": "4.* || 5.* || 9.*"
 	}
 }
diff --git a/index.php b/index.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/license.txt b/license.txt
index 274306a1c55..82be622d945 100644
--- a/license.txt
+++ b/license.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 
-Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/readme.rst b/readme.rst
index fa6d242e8f2..424848ac3e5 100644
--- a/readme.rst
+++ b/readme.rst
@@ -10,6 +10,17 @@ interface and logical structure to access these libraries. CodeIgniter lets
 you creatively focus on your project by minimizing the amount of code needed
 for a given task.
 
+*************
+CodeIgniter 3
+*************
+
+This repository is for the legacy version, CodeIgniter 3.
+`CodeIgniter 4 <https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4>`_ is the latest
+version of the framework.
+
+CodeIgniter 3 is the legacy version of the framework, intended for use with PHP
+5.6+. This version is in maintenance, receiving mostly just security updates.
+
 *******************
 Release Information
 *******************
@@ -53,7 +64,7 @@ agreement <https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/blob/develop/user_guide_src/so
 Resources
 *********
 
--  `User Guide <https://codeigniter.com/docs>`_
+-  `User Guide <https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/>`_
 -  `Contributing Guide <https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/blob/develop/contributing.md>`_
 -  `Language File Translations <https://github.com/bcit-ci/codeigniter3-translations>`_
 -  `Community Forums <https://forum.codeigniter.com/>`_
diff --git a/system/core/Benchmark.php b/system/core/Benchmark.php
index 0b48d4d0c20..20ac2f558a9 100644
--- a/system/core/Benchmark.php
+++ b/system/core/Benchmark.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/CodeIgniter.php b/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
index 704539ef486..87dd868f966 100644
--- a/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
+++ b/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/Common.php b/system/core/Common.php
index ed96de0ca65..c7bb34549b5 100644
--- a/system/core/Common.php
+++ b/system/core/Common.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -782,11 +783,9 @@ function html_escape($var, $double_encode = TRUE)
 	 */
 	function _stringify_attributes($attributes, $js = FALSE)
 	{
-		$atts = NULL;
-
 		if (empty($attributes))
 		{
-			return $atts;
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
 		if (is_string($attributes))
@@ -796,6 +795,7 @@ function _stringify_attributes($attributes, $js = FALSE)
 
 		$attributes = (array) $attributes;
 
+		$atts = '';
 		foreach ($attributes as $key => $val)
 		{
 			$atts .= ($js) ? $key.'='.$val.',' : ' '.$key.'="'.$val.'"';
diff --git a/system/core/Config.php b/system/core/Config.php
index e6eb0ad956f..4efe1e1ec1b 100644
--- a/system/core/Config.php
+++ b/system/core/Config.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/Controller.php b/system/core/Controller.php
index ac27989f322..aeccd60ee4c 100644
--- a/system/core/Controller.php
+++ b/system/core/Controller.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/Exceptions.php b/system/core/Exceptions.php
index 92c635f9789..7244f3f28ea 100644
--- a/system/core/Exceptions.php
+++ b/system/core/Exceptions.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/Hooks.php b/system/core/Hooks.php
index 864c59d25ad..20248aa8ae5 100644
--- a/system/core/Hooks.php
+++ b/system/core/Hooks.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/Input.php b/system/core/Input.php
index 30d528b8925..62a1d89f87a 100644
--- a/system/core/Input.php
+++ b/system/core/Input.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -300,14 +301,15 @@ public function input_stream($index = NULL, $xss_clean = FALSE)
 	 * @param	string		$prefix		Cookie name prefix
 	 * @param	bool		$secure		Whether to only transfer cookies via SSL
 	 * @param	bool		$httponly	Whether to only makes the cookie accessible via HTTP (no javascript)
+	 * @param	string		$samesite	SameSite attribute
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	public function set_cookie($name, $value = '', $expire = 0, $domain = '', $path = '/', $prefix = '', $secure = NULL, $httponly = NULL)
+	public function set_cookie($name, $value = '', $expire = 0, $domain = '', $path = '/', $prefix = '', $secure = NULL, $httponly = NULL, $samesite = NULL)
 	{
 		if (is_array($name))
 		{
 			// always leave 'name' in last place, as the loop will break otherwise, due to $$item
-			foreach (array('value', 'expire', 'domain', 'path', 'prefix', 'secure', 'httponly', 'name') as $item)
+			foreach (array('value', 'expire', 'domain', 'path', 'prefix', 'secure', 'httponly', 'samesite', 'name') as $item)
 			{
 				if (isset($name[$item]))
 				{
@@ -348,7 +350,47 @@ public function set_cookie($name, $value = '', $expire = 0, $domain = '', $path
 			$expire = ($expire > 0) ? time() + $expire : 0;
 		}
 
-		setcookie($prefix.$name, $value, $expire, $path, $domain, $secure, $httponly);
+		isset($samesite) OR $samesite = config_item('cookie_samesite');
+		if (isset($samesite))
+		{
+			$samesite = ucfirst(strtolower($samesite));
+			in_array($samesite, array('Lax', 'Strict', 'None'), TRUE) OR $samesite = 'Lax';
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$samesite = 'Lax';
+		}
+
+		if ($samesite === 'None' && ! $secure)
+		{
+			log_message('error', $name.' cookie sent with SameSite=None, but without Secure attribute.');
+		}
+
+		if ( ! is_php('7.3'))
+		{
+			$maxage = $expire - time();
+			if ($maxage < 1)
+			{
+				$maxage = 0;
+			}
+
+			$cookie_header = 'Set-Cookie: '.$prefix.$name.'='.rawurlencode($value);
+			$cookie_header .= ($expire === 0 ? '' : '; Expires='.gmdate('D, d-M-Y H:i:s T', $expire)).'; Max-Age='.$maxage;
+			$cookie_header .= '; Path='.$path.($domain !== '' ? '; Domain='.$domain : '');
+			$cookie_header .= ($secure ? '; Secure' : '').($httponly ? '; HttpOnly' : '').'; SameSite='.$samesite;
+			header($cookie_header);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		$setcookie_options = array(
+			'expires' => $expire,
+			'path' => $path,
+			'domain' => $domain,
+			'secure' => $secure,
+			'httponly' => $httponly,
+			'samesite' => $samesite,
+		);
+		setcookie($prefix.$name, $value, $setcookie_options);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -508,7 +550,7 @@ public function valid_ip($ip, $which = '')
 				$which = FILTER_FLAG_IPV6;
 				break;
 			default:
-				$which = NULL;
+				$which = 0;
 				break;
 		}
 
diff --git a/system/core/Lang.php b/system/core/Lang.php
index 5cfeaf37e70..18299060c09 100644
--- a/system/core/Lang.php
+++ b/system/core/Lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/Loader.php b/system/core/Loader.php
index d9a1539aa9f..648b7cfc7c2 100644
--- a/system/core/Loader.php
+++ b/system/core/Loader.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -93,6 +94,13 @@ class CI_Loader {
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_cached_vars =	array();
 
+	/**
+	 * Stack of variable arrays to provide nested _ci_load calls with all variables from parent calls
+	 *
+	 * @var	array
+	 */
+	protected $_ci_load_vars_stack =	array();
+
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded classes
 	 *
@@ -368,19 +376,16 @@ public function model($model, $name = '', $db_conn = FALSE)
 	 *
 	 * @param	mixed	$params		Database configuration options
 	 * @param	bool	$return 	Whether to return the database object
-	 * @param	bool	$query_builder	Whether to enable Query Builder
-	 *					(overrides the configuration setting)
-	 *
 	 * @return	object|bool	Database object if $return is set to TRUE,
 	 *					FALSE on failure, CI_Loader instance in any other case
 	 */
-	public function database($params = '', $return = FALSE, $query_builder = NULL)
+	public function database($params = '', $return = FALSE)
 	{
 		// Grab the super object
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 
 		// Do we even need to load the database class?
-		if ($return === FALSE && $query_builder === NULL && isset($CI->db) && is_object($CI->db) && ! empty($CI->db->conn_id))
+		if ($return === FALSE && isset($CI->db) && is_object($CI->db) && ! empty($CI->db->conn_id))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -389,7 +394,7 @@ public function database($params = '', $return = FALSE, $query_builder = NULL)
 
 		if ($return === TRUE)
 		{
-			return DB($params, $query_builder);
+			return DB($params);
 		}
 
 		// Initialize the db variable. Needed to prevent
@@ -397,7 +402,7 @@ public function database($params = '', $return = FALSE, $query_builder = NULL)
 		$CI->db = '';
 
 		// Load the DB class
-		$CI->db =& DB($params, $query_builder);
+		$CI->db =& DB($params);
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -934,15 +939,36 @@ protected function _ci_load($_ci_data)
 		}
 
 		/*
-		 * Extract and cache variables
+		 * Extract and stack variables
 		 *
 		 * You can either set variables using the dedicated $this->load->vars()
 		 * function or via the second parameter of this function. We'll merge
-		 * the two types and cache them so that views that are embedded within
-		 * other views can have access to these variables.
+		 * the two types so that loaded views and files have access to these
+		 * variables.
+		 * Additionally we want all subsequent nested _ci_load() calls embedded
+		 * within the current file to 'inherit' all variables that are
+		 * accessible to the current file. For this purpose we push the current
+		 * variable configuration (_ci_vars) to the stack and remove it again
+		 * after the file or view is completely loaded. Nested _ci_load() calls
+		 * within the current file extend the stack with their variable
+		 * configuration.
 		 */
-		empty($_ci_vars) OR $this->_ci_cached_vars = array_merge($this->_ci_cached_vars, $_ci_vars);
-		extract($this->_ci_cached_vars);
+
+		is_array($_ci_vars) OR $_ci_vars = array();
+
+		// Include the global cached vars into the current _ci_vars if needed
+		empty($this->_ci_cached_vars) OR $_ci_vars = array_merge($this->_ci_cached_vars, $_ci_vars);
+
+		// Merge the last variable configuration from a parent _ci_load()
+		// call into the current _ci_vars
+		if ( ! empty($this->_ci_load_vars_stack))
+		{
+			$previous_variable_configuration = end($this->_ci_load_vars_stack);
+			$_ci_vars = array_merge($previous_variable_configuration, $_ci_vars);
+		}
+
+		array_push($this->_ci_load_vars_stack, $_ci_vars);
+		extract($_ci_vars);
 
 		/**
 		 * Buffer the output
@@ -960,6 +986,9 @@ protected function _ci_load($_ci_data)
 		include($_ci_path); // include() vs include_once() allows for multiple views with the same name
 		log_message('info', 'File loaded: '.$_ci_path);
 
+		// Remove current _ci_vars from stack
+		array_pop($this->_ci_load_vars_stack);
+
 		// Return the file data if requested
 		if ($_ci_return === TRUE)
 		{
diff --git a/system/core/Log.php b/system/core/Log.php
index 36634c159d0..99642e0c6a2 100644
--- a/system/core/Log.php
+++ b/system/core/Log.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -55,6 +56,13 @@ class CI_Log {
 	 */
 	protected $_log_path;
 
+	/**
+	 * Log filename
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_log_filename;
+
 	/**
 	 * File permissions
 	 *
@@ -83,13 +91,6 @@ class CI_Log {
 	 */
 	protected $_date_fmt = 'Y-m-d H:i:s';
 
-	/**
-	 * Filename extension
-	 *
-	 * @var	string
-	 */
-	protected $_file_ext;
-
 	/**
 	 * Whether or not the logger can write to the log files
 	 *
@@ -122,13 +123,13 @@ public function __construct()
 	{
 		$config =& get_config();
 
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 
 		$this->_log_path = ($config['log_path'] !== '')
 			? rtrim($config['log_path'], '/\\').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR : APPPATH.'logs'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
 
-		$this->_file_ext = (isset($config['log_file_extension']) && $config['log_file_extension'] !== '')
-			? ltrim($config['log_file_extension'], '.') : 'php';
+		$this->_log_filename = (isset($config['log_filename']) && $config['log_filename'] !== '')
+			? $config['log_filename'] : 'log-'.date('Y-m-d').'.php';
 
 		file_exists($this->_log_path) OR mkdir($this->_log_path, 0755, TRUE);
 
@@ -184,14 +185,14 @@ public function write_log($level, $msg)
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$filepath = $this->_log_path.'log-'.date('Y-m-d').'.'.$this->_file_ext;
+		$filepath = $this->_log_path.$this->_log_filename;
 		$message = '';
 
 		if ( ! file_exists($filepath))
 		{
 			$newfile = TRUE;
 			// Only add protection to php files
-			if ($this->_file_ext === 'php')
+			if (substr($this->_log_filename, -3, 3) === 'php')
 			{
 				$message .= "<?php defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed'); ?>\n\n";
 			}
diff --git a/system/core/Model.php b/system/core/Model.php
index 585148298e1..1ba10fbb79d 100644
--- a/system/core/Model.php
+++ b/system/core/Model.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/Output.php b/system/core/Output.php
index c56aff4b08d..02f3933f515 100644
--- a/system/core/Output.php
+++ b/system/core/Output.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 *
 	 * @var	string
 	 */
-	public $final_output;
+	public $final_output = '';
 
 	/**
 	 * Cache expiration time
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ public function __construct()
 			&& extension_loaded('zlib')
 		);
 
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 
 		// Get mime types for later
 		$this->mimes =& get_mimes();
@@ -299,10 +300,14 @@ public function get_content_type()
 	 */
 	public function get_header($header)
 	{
-		// Combine headers already sent with our batched headers
+		// We only need [x][0] from our multi-dimensional array
+		$header_lines = array_map(function ($headers)
+		{
+			return array_shift($headers);
+		}, $this->headers);
+
 		$headers = array_merge(
-			// We only need [x][0] from our multi-dimensional array
-			array_map('array_shift', $this->headers),
+			$header_lines,
 			headers_list()
 		);
 
diff --git a/system/core/Router.php b/system/core/Router.php
index 0d966255926..e0fb922f1a6 100644
--- a/system/core/Router.php
+++ b/system/core/Router.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ class CI_Router {
 	 *
 	 * @var	string
 	 */
-	public $directory;
+	public $directory = '';
 
 	/**
 	 * Default controller (and method if specific)
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ protected function _set_default_controller()
 	protected function _validate_request($segments)
 	{
 		$c = count($segments);
-		$directory_override = isset($this->directory);
+		$directory_override = $this->directory !== '';
 
 		// Loop through our segments and return as soon as a controller
 		// is found or when such a directory doesn't exist
diff --git a/system/core/Security.php b/system/core/Security.php
index 818b093385b..d0a87830707 100644
--- a/system/core/Security.php
+++ b/system/core/Security.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -273,15 +274,35 @@ public function csrf_set_cookie()
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		setcookie(
-			$this->_csrf_cookie_name,
-			$this->_csrf_hash,
-			$expire,
-			config_item('cookie_path'),
-			config_item('cookie_domain'),
-			$secure_cookie,
-			config_item('cookie_httponly')
-		);
+		if (is_php('7.3'))
+		{
+			setcookie(
+				$this->_csrf_cookie_name,
+				$this->_csrf_hash,
+				array(
+					'expires'  => $expire,
+					'path'     => config_item('cookie_path'),
+					'domain'   => config_item('cookie_domain'),
+					'secure'   => $secure_cookie,
+					'httponly' => config_item('cookie_httponly'),
+					'samesite' => 'Strict'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$domain = trim(config_item('cookie_domain'));
+			header('Set-Cookie: '.$this->_csrf_cookie_name.'='.$this->_csrf_hash
+					.'; Expires='.gmdate('D, d-M-Y H:i:s T', $expire)
+					.'; Max-Age='.$this->_csrf_expire
+					.'; Path='.implode('/', array_map('rawurlencode', explode('/', config_item('cookie_path'))))
+					.($domain === '' ? '' : '; Domain='.$domain)
+					.($secure_cookie ? '; Secure' : '')
+					.(config_item('cookie_httponly') ? '; HttpOnly' : '')
+					.'; SameSite=Strict'
+			);
+		}
+
 		log_message('info', 'CSRF cookie sent');
 
 		return $this;
@@ -636,7 +657,6 @@ public function get_random_bytes($length)
 			return $output;
 		}
 
-
 		if (is_readable('/dev/urandom') && ($fp = fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb')) !== FALSE)
 		{
 			// Try not to waste entropy ...
diff --git a/system/core/URI.php b/system/core/URI.php
index 9bef22d6cd3..1e948588354 100644
--- a/system/core/URI.php
+++ b/system/core/URI.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/Utf8.php b/system/core/Utf8.php
index 5e18f07bbef..58cbb13342d 100644
--- a/system/core/Utf8.php
+++ b/system/core/Utf8.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/compat/hash.php b/system/core/compat/hash.php
index f1829a3a65f..8d03fa9226d 100644
--- a/system/core/compat/hash.php
+++ b/system/core/compat/hash.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/compat/mbstring.php b/system/core/compat/mbstring.php
index af73b8cce1f..7ec598d6827 100644
--- a/system/core/compat/mbstring.php
+++ b/system/core/compat/mbstring.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/compat/password.php b/system/core/compat/password.php
index 306300eda21..3aae4857630 100644
--- a/system/core/compat/password.php
+++ b/system/core/compat/password.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/core/compat/standard.php b/system/core/compat/standard.php
index 21feeb04ef3..a6a1a9ceef5 100644
--- a/system/core/compat/standard.php
+++ b/system/core/compat/standard.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/DB.php b/system/database/DB.php
index c42bb6b9154..d029054b6fb 100644
--- a/system/database/DB.php
+++ b/system/database/DB.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -45,10 +46,8 @@
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  *
  * @param 	string|string[]	$params
- * @param 	bool		$query_builder_override
- *				Determines if query builder should be used or not
  */
-function &DB($params = '', $query_builder_override = NULL)
+function &DB($params = '')
 {
 	// Load the DB config file if a DSN string wasn't passed
 	if (is_string($params) && strpos($params, '://') === FALSE)
@@ -149,45 +148,19 @@ function &DB($params = '', $query_builder_override = NULL)
 		show_error('You have not selected a database type to connect to.');
 	}
 
-	// Load the DB classes. Note: Since the query builder class is optional
-	// we need to dynamically create a class that extends proper parent class
-	// based on whether we're using the query builder class or not.
-	if ($query_builder_override !== NULL)
-	{
-		$query_builder = $query_builder_override;
-	}
-	// Backwards compatibility work-around for keeping the
-	// $active_record config variable working. Should be
-	// removed in v3.1
-	elseif ( ! isset($query_builder) && isset($active_record))
-	{
-		$query_builder = $active_record;
-	}
-
 	require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_driver.php');
-
-	if ( ! isset($query_builder) OR $query_builder === TRUE)
-	{
-		require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_query_builder.php');
-		if ( ! class_exists('CI_DB', FALSE))
-		{
-			/**
-			 * CI_DB
-			 *
-			 * Acts as an alias for both CI_DB_driver and CI_DB_query_builder.
-			 *
-			 * @see	CI_DB_query_builder
-			 * @see	CI_DB_driver
-			 */
-			class CI_DB extends CI_DB_query_builder { }
-		}
-	}
-	elseif ( ! class_exists('CI_DB', FALSE))
+	require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_query_builder.php');
+	if ( ! class_exists('CI_DB', FALSE))
 	{
 		/**
-		 * @ignore
+		 * CI_DB
+		 *
+		 * Acts as an alias for both CI_DB_driver and CI_DB_query_builder.
+		 *
+		 * @see	CI_DB_query_builder
+		 * @see	CI_DB_driver
 		 */
-		class CI_DB extends CI_DB_driver { }
+		class CI_DB extends CI_DB_query_builder {}
 	}
 
 	// Load the DB driver
diff --git a/system/database/DB_cache.php b/system/database/DB_cache.php
index 2467a30f2f2..d05ebb2193f 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_cache.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_cache.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/DB_driver.php b/system/database/DB_driver.php
index cba96d9a254..de03a418567 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -825,7 +826,7 @@ public function trans_status()
 	{
 		return $this->_trans_status;
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -1517,6 +1518,7 @@ protected function _get_operator($str)
 				'\s+EXISTS\s*\(.*\)',        // EXISTS(sql)
 				'\s+NOT EXISTS\s*\(.*\)',    // NOT EXISTS(sql)
 				'\s+BETWEEN\s+',                 // BETWEEN value AND value
+				'\s+NOT BETWEEN\s+',             // NOT BETWEEN value AND value
 				'\s+IN\s*\(.*\)',            // IN(list)
 				'\s+NOT IN\s*\(.*\)',        // NOT IN (list)
 				'\s+LIKE\s+\S.*('.$_les.')?',    // LIKE 'expr'[ ESCAPE '%s']
diff --git a/system/database/DB_forge.php b/system/database/DB_forge.php
index ce9b30d825b..36679a4649d 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -556,25 +557,17 @@ public function rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	/**
 	 * Column Add
 	 *
-	 * @todo	Remove deprecated $_after option in 3.1+
 	 * @param	string	$table	Table name
 	 * @param	array	$field	Column definition
-	 * @param	string	$_after	Column for AFTER clause (deprecated)
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	public function add_column($table, $field, $_after = NULL)
+	public function add_column($table, $field)
 	{
 		// Work-around for literal column definitions
 		is_array($field) OR $field = array($field);
 
 		foreach (array_keys($field) as $k)
 		{
-			// Backwards-compatibility work-around for MySQL/CUBRID AFTER clause (remove in 3.1+)
-			if ($_after !== NULL && is_array($field[$k]) && ! isset($field[$k]['after']))
-			{
-				$field[$k]['after'] = $_after;
-			}
-
 			$this->add_field(array($k => $field[$k]));
 		}
 
diff --git a/system/database/DB_query_builder.php b/system/database/DB_query_builder.php
index 5480ed44f61..de6aa04fc08 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_query_builder.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_query_builder.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -691,11 +692,11 @@ protected function _wh($qb_key, $key, $value = NULL, $type = 'AND ', $escape = N
 				$k = substr($k, 0, $match[0][1]).($match[1][0] === '=' ? ' IS NULL' : ' IS NOT NULL');
 			}
 
-			${$qb_key} = array('condition' => $prefix.$k, 'value' => $v, 'escape' => $escape);
-			$this->{$qb_key}[] = ${$qb_key};
+			$$qb_key = array('condition' => $prefix.$k, 'value' => $v, 'escape' => $escape);
+			$this->{$qb_key}[] = $$qb_key;
 			if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 			{
-				$this->{$qb_cache_key}[] = ${$qb_key};
+				$this->{$qb_cache_key}[] = $$qb_key;
 				$this->qb_cache_exists[] = substr($qb_key, 3);
 			}
 
diff --git a/system/database/DB_result.php b/system/database/DB_result.php
index b481de4753a..94da294db52 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_result.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/DB_utility.php b/system/database/DB_utility.php
index a1450f0998e..317e1bc8d52 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ public function csv_from_result(CI_DB_result $query, $delim = ',', $newline = "\
 			$line = array();
 			foreach ($row as $item)
 			{
-				$line[] = $enclosure.str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure.$enclosure, $item).$enclosure;
+				$line[] = $enclosure.str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure.$enclosure, (string) $item).$enclosure;
 			}
 			$out .= implode($delim, $line).$newline;
 		}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
index b133c1025f7..bd01be6a0e7 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
index 8c7cd52db2a..e8e201f9812 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
index 988fba6d8c5..274b0c96397 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
index d860bee08a2..ca81568c3c1 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_driver.php
index 85badc2fe01..433139fa45c 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_forge.php
index 94008032069..2c385f1545d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_result.php b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_result.php
index c3e4ed7a646..900212e6caa 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_utility.php
index 1fc34254e6d..bc87508ca12 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
index a20b012377c..3fc323a02c4 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
index f79416031f3..f9dee915e0c 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
index 6cae3050db1..fbe2eb1be7c 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
index 1aad485b7b3..a739dc82333 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
index 61337cdd3a1..5c4d2d8fb5b 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
index e59366bed6c..410ea2d0ce8 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -185,7 +186,6 @@ protected function _process_column($field)
 			$extra_clause = ' FIRST';
 		}
 
-
 		return $this->db->escape_identifiers($field['name'])
 			.(empty($field['new_name']) ? '' : ' '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($field['new_name']))
 			.' '.$field['type'].$field['length']
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
index 461f643dfd2..05fc36ea7dd 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
index 6089da53344..0564a5a3966 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
index 428b7e7f656..61e7adee3c7 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
@@ -116,6 +117,13 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function db_connect($persistent = FALSE)
 	{
+		// PHP 8.1 changes default error handling mode from silent to exceptions - reverse that
+		if (is_php('8.1'))
+		{
+			$mysqli_driver = new mysqli_driver();
+			$mysqli_driver->report_mode = MYSQLI_REPORT_OFF;
+		}
+
 		// Do we have a socket path?
 		if ($this->hostname[0] === '/')
 		{
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
index b67fe56cbd6..992c7720f8c 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
index 7e4e45f39f8..8c4f94d18fe 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
index 75e35d116f0..6a7d4191da1 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
index a9d75ebf269..6f8b21d750f 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.4.1
@@ -68,20 +69,6 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public $dbdriver = 'oci8';
 
-	/**
-	 * Statement ID
-	 *
-	 * @var	resource
-	 */
-	public $stmt_id;
-
-	/**
-	 * Cursor ID
-	 *
-	 * @var	resource
-	 */
-	public $curs_id;
-
 	/**
 	 * Commit mode flag
 	 *
@@ -99,15 +86,27 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public $limit_used = FALSE;
 
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+	/**
+	 * Error cache
+	 *
+	 * Cached error info about failed queries.
+	 * Used so that statement IDs can be released immediately.
+	 *
+	 * @var	array|false
+	 */
+	protected $_error = FALSE;
 
 	/**
-	 * Reset $stmt_id flag
+	 * Affected rows
 	 *
-	 * Used by stored_procedure() to prevent _execute() from
-	 * re-setting the statement ID.
+	 * Cached result of oci_num_rows().
+	 * Used so that statement IDs can be released immediately.
+	 *
+	 * @var	int|false
 	 */
-	protected $_reset_stmt_id = TRUE;
+	protected $_affected_rows = FALSE;
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
 	 * List of reserved identifiers
@@ -277,104 +276,19 @@ protected function _execute($sql)
 		/* Oracle must parse the query before it is run. All of the actions with
 		 * the query are based on the statement id returned by oci_parse().
 		 */
-		if ($this->_reset_stmt_id === TRUE)
-		{
-			$this->stmt_id = oci_parse($this->conn_id, $sql);
-		}
-
-		oci_set_prefetch($this->stmt_id, 1000);
-		return oci_execute($this->stmt_id, $this->commit_mode);
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Get cursor. Returns a cursor from the database
-	 *
-	 * @return	resource
-	 */
-	public function get_cursor()
-	{
-		return $this->curs_id = oci_new_cursor($this->conn_id);
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Stored Procedure.  Executes a stored procedure
-	 *
-	 * @param	string	package name in which the stored procedure is in
-	 * @param	string	stored procedure name to execute
-	 * @param	array	parameters
-	 * @return	mixed
-	 *
-	 * params array keys
-	 *
-	 * KEY      OPTIONAL  NOTES
-	 * name     no        the name of the parameter should be in :<param_name> format
-	 * value    no        the value of the parameter.  If this is an OUT or IN OUT parameter,
-	 *                    this should be a reference to a variable
-	 * type     yes       the type of the parameter
-	 * length   yes       the max size of the parameter
-	 */
-	public function stored_procedure($package, $procedure, array $params)
-	{
-		if ($package === '' OR $procedure === '')
-		{
-			log_message('error', 'Invalid query: '.$package.'.'.$procedure);
-			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_invalid_query') : FALSE;
-		}
+		$this->result_id = oci_parse($this->conn_id, $sql);
+		oci_set_prefetch($this->result_id, 1000);
+		$result = oci_execute($this->result_id, $this->commit_mode);
+		$this->_error = oci_error($this->result_id);
+		$this->is_write_type($sql) && $this->_affected_rows = oci_num_rows($this->result_id);
 
-		// Build the query string
-		$sql = 'BEGIN '.$package.'.'.$procedure.'(';
-
-		$have_cursor = FALSE;
-		foreach ($params as $param)
+		if ($this->is_write_type($sql) OR $result === FALSE)
 		{
-			$sql .= $param['name'].',';
-
-			if (isset($param['type']) && $param['type'] === OCI_B_CURSOR)
-			{
-				$have_cursor = TRUE;
-			}
+			oci_free_statement($this->result_id);
+			return $result;
 		}
-		$sql = trim($sql, ',').'); END;';
-
-		$this->_reset_stmt_id = FALSE;
-		$this->stmt_id = oci_parse($this->conn_id, $sql);
-		$this->_bind_params($params);
-		$result = $this->query($sql, FALSE, $have_cursor);
-		$this->_reset_stmt_id = TRUE;
-		return $result;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-	/**
-	 * Bind parameters
-	 *
-	 * @param	array	$params
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
-	protected function _bind_params($params)
-	{
-		if ( ! is_array($params) OR ! is_resource($this->stmt_id))
-		{
-			return;
-		}
-
-		foreach ($params as $param)
-		{
-			foreach (array('name', 'value', 'type', 'length') as $val)
-			{
-				if ( ! isset($param[$val]))
-				{
-					$param[$val] = '';
-				}
-			}
-
-			oci_bind_by_name($this->stmt_id, $param['name'], $param['value'], $param['length'], $param['type']);
-		}
+		return $this->result_id;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -426,7 +340,7 @@ protected function _trans_rollback()
 	 */
 	public function affected_rows()
 	{
-		return oci_num_rows($this->stmt_id);
+		return $this->_affected_rows;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -559,18 +473,15 @@ public function field_data($table)
 	 */
 	public function error()
 	{
+		if ( ! empty($this->_error))
+		{
+			return $this->_error;
+		}
+
 		// oci_error() returns an array that already contains
 		// 'code' and 'message' keys, but it can return false
 		// if there was no error ....
-		if (is_resource($this->curs_id))
-		{
-			$error = oci_error($this->curs_id);
-		}
-		elseif (is_resource($this->stmt_id))
-		{
-			$error = oci_error($this->stmt_id);
-		}
-		elseif (is_resource($this->conn_id))
+		if (is_resource($this->conn_id))
 		{
 			$error = oci_error($this->conn_id);
 		}
@@ -682,6 +593,11 @@ protected function _limit($sql)
 	 */
 	protected function _close()
 	{
+		if (is_resource($this->result_id))
+		{
+			oci_free_statement($this->result_id);
+		}
+
 		oci_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
index 7dc7b2ade67..9910b115623 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.4.1
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
index 7fd911e82b1..3b042fb7518 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.4.1
@@ -48,20 +49,6 @@
  */
 class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
-	/**
-	 * Statement ID
-	 *
-	 * @var	resource
-	 */
-	public $stmt_id;
-
-	/**
-	 * Cursor ID
-	 *
-	 * @var	resource
-	 */
-	public $curs_id;
-
 	/**
 	 * Limit used flag
 	 *
@@ -88,11 +75,10 @@ public function __construct(&$driver_object)
 	{
 		parent::__construct($driver_object);
 
-		$this->stmt_id = $driver_object->stmt_id;
-		$this->curs_id = $driver_object->curs_id;
+		$this->result_id = $driver_object->result_id;
 		$this->limit_used = $driver_object->limit_used;
 		$this->commit_mode =& $driver_object->commit_mode;
-		$driver_object->stmt_id = FALSE;
+		$driver_object->result_id = FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -104,7 +90,7 @@ public function __construct(&$driver_object)
 	 */
 	public function num_fields()
 	{
-		$count = oci_num_fields($this->stmt_id);
+		$count = oci_num_fields($this->result_id);
 
 		// if we used a limit we subtract it
 		return ($this->limit_used) ? $count - 1 : $count;
@@ -124,7 +110,7 @@ public function list_fields()
 		$field_names = array();
 		for ($c = 1, $fieldCount = $this->num_fields(); $c <= $fieldCount; $c++)
 		{
-			$field_names[] = oci_field_name($this->stmt_id, $c);
+			$field_names[] = oci_field_name($this->result_id, $c);
 		}
 		return $field_names;
 	}
@@ -144,9 +130,9 @@ public function field_data()
 		for ($c = 1, $fieldCount = $this->num_fields(); $c <= $fieldCount; $c++)
 		{
 			$F		= new stdClass();
-			$F->name	= oci_field_name($this->stmt_id, $c);
-			$F->type	= oci_field_type($this->stmt_id, $c);
-			$F->max_length	= oci_field_size($this->stmt_id, $c);
+			$F->name	= oci_field_name($this->result_id, $c);
+			$F->type	= oci_field_type($this->result_id, $c);
+			$F->max_length	= oci_field_size($this->result_id, $c);
 
 			$retval[] = $F;
 		}
@@ -168,17 +154,6 @@ public function free_result()
 			oci_free_statement($this->result_id);
 			$this->result_id = FALSE;
 		}
-
-		if (is_resource($this->stmt_id))
-		{
-			oci_free_statement($this->stmt_id);
-		}
-
-		if (is_resource($this->curs_id))
-		{
-			oci_cancel($this->curs_id);
-			$this->curs_id = NULL;
-		}
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -192,8 +167,7 @@ public function free_result()
 	 */
 	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
-		$id = ($this->curs_id) ? $this->curs_id : $this->stmt_id;
-		return oci_fetch_assoc($id);
+		return oci_fetch_assoc($this->result_id);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -208,9 +182,7 @@ protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	 */
 	protected function _fetch_object($class_name = 'stdClass')
 	{
-		$row = ($this->curs_id)
-			? oci_fetch_object($this->curs_id)
-			: oci_fetch_object($this->stmt_id);
+		$row = oci_fetch_object($this->result_id);
 
 		if ($class_name === 'stdClass' OR ! $row)
 		{
@@ -226,4 +198,18 @@ protected function _fetch_object($class_name = 'stdClass')
 		return $class_name;
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Destructor
+	 *
+	 * Attempt to free remaining statement IDs.
+	 *
+	 * @see	https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/pull/5896
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	public function __destruct()
+	{
+		$this->free_result();
+	}
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
index a0a9c2c950f..bcce114f856 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.4.1
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
index f02da4d1375..cfb9d5733ff 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
index 05f9c76d426..115d08a3da2 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
index 6aff7694158..e5847f1087f 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
index 78720108dec..a69ed000c84 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
index d0a2bf959e5..559e865552c 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
@@ -131,6 +132,14 @@ public function db_connect($persistent = FALSE)
 			$this->options[PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT] = TRUE;
 		}
 
+		// From PHP8.0, default PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE is changed
+		// from PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT to PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
+		// as https://wiki.php.net/rfc/pdo_default_errmode
+		if ( ! isset($this->options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE]))
+		{
+			$this->options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE] = PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT;
+		}
+
 		try
 		{
 			return new PDO($this->dsn, $this->username, $this->password, $this->options);
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
index e512d3d6024..b35ff6777e0 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
index f0f56c3f73e..bf9e12376c3 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
index 6c40cf32e42..2094ef4a9ae 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_driver.php
index 63f6f84b586..8d5b2f68fe6 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_forge.php
index f7fa5431611..28fc008a297 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_driver.php
index 05887bcfb72..c8f92585245 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_forge.php
index 32ccc8cca4a..de02983bfc6 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_driver.php
index 06f03ccce4a..7d8d4a29c21 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_forge.php
index 692b76d89b8..3ee352fbf06 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_driver.php
index 4e4dd27e165..97782500013 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_forge.php
index c3d25b6f656..26e052aa4b1 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_driver.php
index 16b1c6e1137..aca58ecd310 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_forge.php
index 8ea4838db9f..cf023d418b9 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_driver.php
index 98f4638952e..4d230c3fdb0 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_forge.php
index 91a93590859..368d8dc96c0 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_driver.php
index 0f53e319221..1ad854da154 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_forge.php
index 7713f673221..8bf5cfb3498 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_driver.php
index 82f0145ba5f..357369159b7 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_forge.php
index 0700d636912..0783cd5364c 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_driver.php
index 2522debec10..6b7f2373e9b 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_forge.php
index 47226d7a2b1..c9b82387aab 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_driver.php
index f6241136daa..297cc6f5858 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_forge.php
index 187cb2d09d5..cea20542715 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
@@ -53,6 +54,13 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_pgsql_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 	 */
 	protected $_drop_table_if	= 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS';
 
+	/**
+	 * CREATE TABLE IF statement
+	 *
+	 * @var	string
+	 */
+	protected $_create_table_if	= 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS';
+
 	/**
 	 * UNSIGNED support
 	 *
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_driver.php
index 634b837c9e2..24c34f2a39f 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_forge.php
index fd9696fb85e..b0edcbd6c04 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_driver.php
index 1c83593df0b..685b61e9232 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_forge.php
index 22375949a5d..07eecea61ec 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
index af636e3f5c4..1cd473f2b5d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ protected function _build_dsn()
 	 * Database connection
 	 *
 	 * @param	bool	$persistent
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	resource|object
 	 */
 	public function db_connect($persistent = FALSE)
 	{
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ public function version()
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	$sql	an SQL query
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	resource|object
 	 */
 	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
index 6f214c66506..2857fd51727 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
index a0a628f0a56..5e4145eafdc 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ public function field_data()
 	 */
 	public function free_result()
 	{
-		if (is_resource($this->result_id))
+		if ($this->result_id !== FALSE)
 		{
 			pg_free_result($this->result_id);
 			$this->result_id = FALSE;
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
index e6e7b28ba82..c8356d50068 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
index d456250f246..be79ddd5c74 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php
index 52894e85707..5658b3e8f78 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php
index a48cbcf5629..47fe9d2a301 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_utility.php
index c80dd4f9780..90316bccc08 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
index 33f971ff498..787779483e5 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.3
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
index 610d2e4261f..dca7f75b281 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.3
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
index bf588442927..a3a582b5c47 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.3
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
index bb2a67806cd..e51bc723680 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.3
diff --git a/system/helpers/array_helper.php b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
index 2c359240a65..0617fdec49d 100644
--- a/system/helpers/array_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
index 6fce0526721..e7e760a5f81 100644
--- a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -54,13 +55,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Create CAPTCHA
 	 *
-	 * @param	array	$data		Data for the CAPTCHA
-	 * @param	string	$img_path	Path to create the image in (deprecated)
-	 * @param	string	$img_url	URL to the CAPTCHA image folder (deprecated)
-	 * @param	string	$font_path	Server path to font (deprecated)
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @param	array	$data	Data for the CAPTCHA
+	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function create_captcha($data = '', $img_path = '', $img_url = '', $font_path = '')
+	function create_captcha($data)
 	{
 		$defaults = array(
 			'word'		=> '',
@@ -106,7 +104,7 @@ function create_captcha($data = '', $img_path = '', $img_url = '', $font_path =
 
 		if ($img_path === '' OR $img_url === '')
 		{
-			log_message('error', 'create_captcha(): $img_path and $img_url are required.');
+			log_message('error', 'create_captcha(): img_path and img_url are required.');
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
@@ -299,12 +297,12 @@ function create_captcha($data = '', $img_path = '', $img_url = '', $font_path =
 		{
 			$theta += $thetac;
 			$rad = $radius * ($i / $points);
-			$x = ($rad * cos($theta)) + $x_axis;
-			$y = ($rad * sin($theta)) + $y_axis;
+			$x = round(($rad * cos($theta)) + $x_axis);
+			$y = round(($rad * sin($theta)) + $y_axis);
 			$theta += $thetac;
 			$rad1 = $radius * (($i + 1) / $points);
-			$x1 = ($rad1 * cos($theta)) + $x_axis;
-			$y1 = ($rad1 * sin($theta)) + $y_axis;
+			$x1 = round(($rad1 * cos($theta)) + $x_axis);
+			$y1 = round(($rad1 * sin($theta)) + $y_axis);
 			imageline($im, $x, $y, $x1, $y1, $colors['grid']);
 			$theta -= $thetac;
 		}
diff --git a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
index 8183e054108..0325e3db34b 100644
--- a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -67,10 +68,10 @@
 	 * @param	bool	true makes the cookie accessible via http(s) only (no javascript)
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_cookie($name, $value = '', $expire = 0, $domain = '', $path = '/', $prefix = '', $secure = NULL, $httponly = NULL)
+	function set_cookie($name, $value = '', $expire = 0, $domain = '', $path = '/', $prefix = '', $secure = NULL, $httponly = NULL, $samesite = NULL)
 	{
 		// Set the config file options
-		get_instance()->input->set_cookie($name, $value, $expire, $domain, $path, $prefix, $secure, $httponly);
+		get_instance()->input->set_cookie($name, $value, $expire, $domain, $path, $prefix, $secure, $httponly, $samesite);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/date_helper.php b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
index db9e9642d8f..6ea9d82bd98 100644
--- a/system/helpers/date_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -450,72 +451,6 @@ function human_to_unix($datestr = '')
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-if ( ! function_exists('nice_date'))
-{
-	/**
-	 * Turns many "reasonably-date-like" strings into something
-	 * that is actually useful. This only works for dates after unix epoch.
-	 *
-	 * @deprecated	3.1.3	Use DateTime::createFromFormat($input_format, $input)->format($output_format);
-	 * @param	string	The terribly formatted date-like string
-	 * @param	string	Date format to return (same as php date function)
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function nice_date($bad_date = '', $format = FALSE)
-	{
-		if (empty($bad_date))
-		{
-			return 'Unknown';
-		}
-		elseif (empty($format))
-		{
-			$format = 'U';
-		}
-
-		// Date like: YYYYMM
-		if (preg_match('/^\d{6}$/i', $bad_date))
-		{
-			if (in_array(substr($bad_date, 0, 2), array('19', '20')))
-			{
-				$year  = substr($bad_date, 0, 4);
-				$month = substr($bad_date, 4, 2);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$month  = substr($bad_date, 0, 2);
-				$year   = substr($bad_date, 2, 4);
-			}
-
-			return date($format, strtotime($year.'-'.$month.'-01'));
-		}
-
-		// Date Like: YYYYMMDD
-		if (preg_match('/^\d{8}$/i', $bad_date, $matches))
-		{
-			return DateTime::createFromFormat('Ymd', $bad_date)->format($format);
-		}
-
-		// Date Like: MM-DD-YYYY __or__ M-D-YYYY (or anything in between)
-		if (preg_match('/^(\d{1,2})-(\d{1,2})-(\d{4})$/i', $bad_date, $matches))
-		{
-			return date($format, strtotime($matches[3].'-'.$matches[1].'-'.$matches[2]));
-		}
-
-		// Any other kind of string, when converted into UNIX time,
-		// produces "0 seconds after epoc..." is probably bad...
-		// return "Invalid Date".
-		if (date('U', strtotime($bad_date)) === '0')
-		{
-			return 'Invalid Date';
-		}
-
-		// It's probably a valid-ish date format already
-		return date($format, strtotime($bad_date));
-	}
-}
-
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 if ( ! function_exists('timezone_menu'))
 {
 	/**
diff --git a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
index 4732db57b6c..d747a96b2b2 100644
--- a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/download_helper.php b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
index 9bdeea13deb..2c72c563a89 100644
--- a/system/helpers/download_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/file_helper.php b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
index 398d11afda7..a751f771eb9 100644
--- a/system/helpers/file_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -227,8 +228,9 @@ function get_dir_file_info($source_dir, $top_level_only = TRUE, $_recursion = FA
 				}
 				elseif ($file[0] !== '.')
 				{
-					$_filedata[$file] = get_file_info($source_dir.$file);
-					$_filedata[$file]['relative_path'] = $relative_path;
+					$filedata = get_dir_file_info($source_dir.$file);
+					$filedata['relative_path'] = $relative_path;
+					$_filedata[] = $filedata;
 				}
 			}
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/form_helper.php b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
index 4b88d3b12f3..191fc7e6d98 100644
--- a/system/helpers/form_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/html_helper.php b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
index 531ae2251b5..98998c7c437 100644
--- a/system/helpers/html_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -133,7 +134,6 @@ function _list($type = 'ul', $list = array(), $attributes = '', $depth = 0)
 			// Write the opening list tag
 			.'<'.$type._stringify_attributes($attributes).">\n";
 
-
 		// Cycle through the list elements.  If an array is
 		// encountered we will recursively call _list()
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
index b7f472bccee..75e98c81775 100644
--- a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/language_helper.php b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
index dff6a6b24c5..d6cc1c12c2d 100644
--- a/system/helpers/language_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/number_helper.php b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
index 55fa1e5a031..27ad80fd3b4 100644
--- a/system/helpers/number_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/path_helper.php b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
index 47d10c2f536..a8f782357a1 100644
--- a/system/helpers/path_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/security_helper.php b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
index f6dbafec993..54851a0947c 100644
--- a/system/helpers/security_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/string_helper.php b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
index 3a05525db9b..0cd87e91515 100644
--- a/system/helpers/string_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ function reduce_multiples($str, $character = ',', $trim = FALSE)
 	/**
 	 * Create a "Random" String
 	 *
-	 * @param	string	type of random string.  basic, alpha, alnum, numeric, nozero, unique, md5, encrypt and sha1
+	 * @param	string	type of random string.  basic, alpha, alnum, numeric, nozero, md5 and sha1
 	 * @param	int	number of characters
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -200,10 +201,8 @@ function random_string($type = 'alnum', $len = 8)
 						break;
 				}
 				return substr(str_shuffle(str_repeat($pool, ceil($len / strlen($pool)))), 0, $len);
-			case 'unique': // todo: remove in 3.1+
 			case 'md5':
 				return md5(uniqid(mt_rand()));
-			case 'encrypt': // todo: remove in 3.1+
 			case 'sha1':
 				return sha1(uniqid(mt_rand(), TRUE));
 		}
diff --git a/system/helpers/text_helper.php b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
index 5d5a958e2b6..506d45aca70 100644
--- a/system/helpers/text_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
index 47617ffb2cb..d51de084a6c 100644
--- a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/url_helper.php b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
index 4c060a203ac..e3c9bc0a4fa 100644
--- a/system/helpers/url_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -470,31 +471,20 @@ function prep_url($str = '')
 	 * human-friendly URL string with a "separator" string
 	 * as the word separator.
 	 *
-	 * @todo	Remove old 'dash' and 'underscore' usage in 3.1+.
 	 * @param	string	$str		Input string
-	 * @param	string	$separator	Word separator
-	 *			(usually '-' or '_')
+	 * @param	string	$separator	Word separator (usually '-' or '_')
 	 * @param	bool	$lowercase	Whether to transform the output string to lowercase
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	function url_title($str, $separator = '-', $lowercase = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ($separator === 'dash')
-		{
-			$separator = '-';
-		}
-		elseif ($separator === 'underscore')
-		{
-			$separator = '_';
-		}
-
 		$q_separator = preg_quote($separator, '#');
 
 		$trans = array(
 			'&.+?;'			=> '',
 			'[^\w\d _-]'		=> '',
 			'\s+'			=> $separator,
-			'('.$q_separator.')+'	=> $separator
+			'('.$q_separator.')+'	=> $separator,
 		);
 
 		$str = strip_tags($str);
diff --git a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
index f83f3f544b8..5e0861e9eca 100644
--- a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php b/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php
index ce838142e03..35352d60005 100644
--- a/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/date_lang.php b/system/language/english/date_lang.php
index aa796b89f71..fd184df8581 100644
--- a/system/language/english/date_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/date_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/db_lang.php b/system/language/english/db_lang.php
index 4a680146d50..1bf424e57d2 100644
--- a/system/language/english/db_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/db_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/email_lang.php b/system/language/english/email_lang.php
index df0fd29cef5..7ed083c97df 100644
--- a/system/language/english/email_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/email_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php b/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php
index 74a2512c4d9..fdfb3cfa6f7 100644
--- a/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php b/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php
index 70f5b086d01..7067b4b5694 100644
--- a/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php b/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php
index 9a26b8a9bdb..b0a80a5d063 100644
--- a/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/migration_lang.php b/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
index 967d59ccede..a37036284df 100644
--- a/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/number_lang.php b/system/language/english/number_lang.php
index f1e50bd1591..38e3781da8f 100644
--- a/system/language/english/number_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/number_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/pagination_lang.php b/system/language/english/pagination_lang.php
index 1d113dfb68c..808a61eadf6 100644
--- a/system/language/english/pagination_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/pagination_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php b/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php
index 157296725ca..71a2afcb1c7 100644
--- a/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php b/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php
index b5a9cc4dacd..02366f0c69b 100644
--- a/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/language/english/upload_lang.php b/system/language/english/upload_lang.php
index f5158a3f535..bd1e201815f 100644
--- a/system/language/english/upload_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/upload_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php b/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
index b1241766015..f3dfe25e474 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
index c0527e66578..229920449a3 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
index 0a90d069270..f3ca220f6a2 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
index bde35141ecc..3a4be98a9ba 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
index 24969e0bf11..55963bb8248 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_redis.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_redis.php
index 9b082d11b36..19fbdc0cae4 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_redis.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_redis.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ class CI_Cache_redis extends CI_Driver
 		'host' => '127.0.0.1',
 		'password' => NULL,
 		'port' => 6379,
-		'timeout' => 0,
+		'timeout' => 0.0,
 		'database' => 0
 	);
 
@@ -69,7 +70,6 @@ class CI_Cache_redis extends CI_Driver
 	 */
 	protected $_redis;
 
-
 	/**
 	 * del()/delete() method name depending on phpRedis version
 	 *
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ class CI_Cache_redis extends CI_Driver
 	 * if a Redis connection can't be established.
 	 *
 	 * @return	void
+	 * @throws	RedisException
 	 * @see		Redis::connect()
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
@@ -132,26 +133,21 @@ public function __construct()
 
 		$this->_redis = new Redis();
 
-		try
+		// The following calls used to be wrapped in a try ... catch
+		// and just log an error, but that only causes more errors later.
+		if ( ! $this->_redis->connect($config['host'], ($config['host'][0] === '/' ? 0 : $config['port']), $config['timeout']))
 		{
-			if ( ! $this->_redis->connect($config['host'], ($config['host'][0] === '/' ? 0 : $config['port']), $config['timeout']))
-			{
-				log_message('error', 'Cache: Redis connection failed. Check your configuration.');
-			}
-
-			if (isset($config['password']) && ! $this->_redis->auth($config['password']))
-			{
-				log_message('error', 'Cache: Redis authentication failed.');
-			}
+			log_message('error', 'Cache: Redis connection failed. Check your configuration.');
+		}
 
-			if (isset($config['database']) && $config['database'] > 0 && ! $this->_redis->select($config['database']))
-			{
-				log_message('error', 'Cache: Redis select database failed.');
-			}
+		if (isset($config['password']) && ! $this->_redis->auth($config['password']))
+		{
+			log_message('error', 'Cache: Redis authentication failed.');
 		}
-		catch (RedisException $e)
+
+		if (isset($config['database']) && $config['database'] > 0 && ! $this->_redis->select($config['database']))
 		{
-			log_message('error', 'Cache: Redis connection refused ('.$e->getMessage().')');
+			log_message('error', 'Cache: Redis select database failed.');
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php
index 703fece7a51..bd18148f16e 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@
  * CodeIgniter Wincache Caching Class
  *
  * Read more about Wincache functions here:
- * https://secure.php.net/manual/en/ref.wincache.php
+ * https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.wincache.php
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
diff --git a/system/libraries/Calendar.php b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
index fcfcf62ca57..8eefc82ed58 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Calendar.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Driver.php b/system/libraries/Driver.php
index 7e6cf4fae06..84f0b6c3e76 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Email.php b/system/libraries/Email.php
index 01f513b260b..1b94b83584b 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Email.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Email.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@ public function __construct(array $config = array())
 		$this->charset = config_item('charset');
 		$this->initialize($config);
 
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 
 		log_message('info', 'Email Class Initialized');
 	}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php b/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
deleted file mode 100644
index df1af4cf41b..00000000000
--- a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,521 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-/**
- * CodeIgniter
- *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP
- *
- * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @package	CodeIgniter
- * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
- * @link	https://codeigniter.com
- * @since	Version 1.0.0
- * @filesource
- */
-defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
-
-/**
- * CodeIgniter Encryption Class
- *
- * Provides two-way keyed encoding using Mcrypt
- *
- * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @subpackage	Libraries
- * @category	Libraries
- * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/encryption.html
- */
-class CI_Encrypt {
-
-	/**
-	 * Reference to the user's encryption key
-	 *
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	public $encryption_key		= '';
-
-	/**
-	 * Type of hash operation
-	 *
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $_hash_type		= 'sha1';
-
-	/**
-	 * Flag for the existence of mcrypt
-	 *
-	 * @var bool
-	 */
-	protected $_mcrypt_exists	= FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * Current cipher to be used with mcrypt
-	 *
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $_mcrypt_cipher;
-
-	/**
-	 * Method for encrypting/decrypting data
-	 *
-	 * @var int
-	 */
-	protected $_mcrypt_mode;
-
-	/**
-	 * Initialize Encryption class
-	 *
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
-	public function __construct()
-	{
-		if (($this->_mcrypt_exists = function_exists('mcrypt_encrypt')) === FALSE)
-		{
-			show_error('The Encrypt library requires the Mcrypt extension.');
-		}
-
-		log_message('info', 'Encrypt Class Initialized');
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Fetch the encryption key
-	 *
-	 * Returns it as MD5 in order to have an exact-length 128 bit key.
-	 * Mcrypt is sensitive to keys that are not the correct length
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function get_key($key = '')
-	{
-		if ($key === '')
-		{
-			if ($this->encryption_key !== '')
-			{
-				return $this->encryption_key;
-			}
-
-			$key = config_item('encryption_key');
-
-			if ( ! self::strlen($key))
-			{
-				show_error('In order to use the encryption class requires that you set an encryption key in your config file.');
-			}
-		}
-
-		return md5($key);
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Set the encryption key
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	CI_Encrypt
-	 */
-	public function set_key($key = '')
-	{
-		$this->encryption_key = $key;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Encode
-	 *
-	 * Encodes the message string using bitwise XOR encoding.
-	 * The key is combined with a random hash, and then it
-	 * too gets converted using XOR. The whole thing is then run
-	 * through mcrypt using the randomized key. The end result
-	 * is a double-encrypted message string that is randomized
-	 * with each call to this function, even if the supplied
-	 * message and key are the same.
-	 *
-	 * @param	string	the string to encode
-	 * @param	string	the key
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function encode($string, $key = '')
-	{
-		return base64_encode($this->mcrypt_encode($string, $this->get_key($key)));
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Decode
-	 *
-	 * Reverses the above process
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function decode($string, $key = '')
-	{
-		if (preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\/\+=]/', $string) OR base64_encode(base64_decode($string)) !== $string)
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		return $this->mcrypt_decode(base64_decode($string), $this->get_key($key));
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Encode from Legacy
-	 *
-	 * Takes an encoded string from the original Encryption class algorithms and
-	 * returns a newly encoded string using the improved method added in 2.0.0
-	 * This allows for backwards compatibility and a method to transition to the
-	 * new encryption algorithms.
-	 *
-	 * For more details, see https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/installation/upgrade_200.html#encryption
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	int		(mcrypt mode constant)
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function encode_from_legacy($string, $legacy_mode = MCRYPT_MODE_ECB, $key = '')
-	{
-		if (preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\/\+=]/', $string))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		// decode it first
-		// set mode temporarily to what it was when string was encoded with the legacy
-		// algorithm - typically MCRYPT_MODE_ECB
-		$current_mode = $this->_get_mode();
-		$this->set_mode($legacy_mode);
-
-		$key = $this->get_key($key);
-		$dec = base64_decode($string);
-		if (($dec = $this->mcrypt_decode($dec, $key)) === FALSE)
-		{
-			$this->set_mode($current_mode);
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		$dec = $this->_xor_decode($dec, $key);
-
-		// set the mcrypt mode back to what it should be, typically MCRYPT_MODE_CBC
-		$this->set_mode($current_mode);
-
-		// and re-encode
-		return base64_encode($this->mcrypt_encode($dec, $key));
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * XOR Decode
-	 *
-	 * Takes an encoded string and key as input and generates the
-	 * plain-text original message
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	protected function _xor_decode($string, $key)
-	{
-		$string = $this->_xor_merge($string, $key);
-
-		$dec = '';
-		for ($i = 0, $l = self::strlen($string); $i < $l; $i++)
-		{
-			$dec .= ($string[$i++] ^ $string[$i]);
-		}
-
-		return $dec;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * XOR key + string Combiner
-	 *
-	 * Takes a string and key as input and computes the difference using XOR
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	protected function _xor_merge($string, $key)
-	{
-		$hash = $this->hash($key);
-		$str = '';
-
-		for ($i = 0, $ls = self::strlen($string), $lh = self::strlen($hash); $i < $ls; $i++)
-		{
-			$str .= $string[$i] ^ $hash[($i % $lh)];
-		}
-
-		return $str;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Encrypt using Mcrypt
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function mcrypt_encode($data, $key)
-	{
-		$init_size = mcrypt_get_iv_size($this->_get_cipher(), $this->_get_mode());
-		$init_vect = mcrypt_create_iv($init_size, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM);
-		return $this->_add_cipher_noise($init_vect.mcrypt_encrypt($this->_get_cipher(), $key, $data, $this->_get_mode(), $init_vect), $key);
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Decrypt using Mcrypt
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function mcrypt_decode($data, $key)
-	{
-		$data = $this->_remove_cipher_noise($data, $key);
-		$init_size = mcrypt_get_iv_size($this->_get_cipher(), $this->_get_mode());
-
-		if ($init_size > self::strlen($data))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		$init_vect = self::substr($data, 0, $init_size);
-		$data      = self::substr($data, $init_size);
-
-		return rtrim(mcrypt_decrypt($this->_get_cipher(), $key, $data, $this->_get_mode(), $init_vect), "\0");
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Adds permuted noise to the IV + encrypted data to protect
-	 * against Man-in-the-middle attacks on CBC mode ciphers
-	 * http://www.ciphersbyritter.com/GLOSSARY.HTM#IV
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	protected function _add_cipher_noise($data, $key)
-	{
-		$key = $this->hash($key);
-		$str = '';
-
-		for ($i = 0, $j = 0, $ld = self::strlen($data), $lk = self::strlen($key); $i < $ld; ++$i, ++$j)
-		{
-			if ($j >= $lk)
-			{
-				$j = 0;
-			}
-
-			$str .= chr((ord($data[$i]) + ord($key[$j])) % 256);
-		}
-
-		return $str;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Removes permuted noise from the IV + encrypted data, reversing
-	 * _add_cipher_noise()
-	 *
-	 * Function description
-	 *
-	 * @param	string	$data
-	 * @param	string	$key
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	protected function _remove_cipher_noise($data, $key)
-	{
-		$key = $this->hash($key);
-		$str = '';
-
-		for ($i = 0, $j = 0, $ld = self::strlen($data), $lk = self::strlen($key); $i < $ld; ++$i, ++$j)
-		{
-			if ($j >= $lk)
-			{
-				$j = 0;
-			}
-
-			$temp = ord($data[$i]) - ord($key[$j]);
-
-			if ($temp < 0)
-			{
-				$temp += 256;
-			}
-
-			$str .= chr($temp);
-		}
-
-		return $str;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Set the Mcrypt Cipher
-	 *
-	 * @param	int
-	 * @return	CI_Encrypt
-	 */
-	public function set_cipher($cipher)
-	{
-		$this->_mcrypt_cipher = $cipher;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Set the Mcrypt Mode
-	 *
-	 * @param	int
-	 * @return	CI_Encrypt
-	 */
-	public function set_mode($mode)
-	{
-		$this->_mcrypt_mode = $mode;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Get Mcrypt cipher Value
-	 *
-	 * @return	int
-	 */
-	protected function _get_cipher()
-	{
-		if ($this->_mcrypt_cipher === NULL)
-		{
-			return $this->_mcrypt_cipher = MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256;
-		}
-
-		return $this->_mcrypt_cipher;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Get Mcrypt Mode Value
-	 *
-	 * @return	int
-	 */
-	protected function _get_mode()
-	{
-		if ($this->_mcrypt_mode === NULL)
-		{
-			return $this->_mcrypt_mode = MCRYPT_MODE_CBC;
-		}
-
-		return $this->_mcrypt_mode;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Set the Hash type
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
-	public function set_hash($type = 'sha1')
-	{
-		$this->_hash_type = in_array($type, hash_algos()) ? $type : 'sha1';
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Hash encode a string
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function hash($str)
-	{
-		return hash($this->_hash_type, $str);
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Byte-safe strlen()
-	 *
-	 * @param	string	$str
-	 * @return	int
-	 */
-	protected static function strlen($str)
-	{
-		return defined('MB_OVERLOAD_STRING')
-			? mb_strlen($str, '8bit')
-			: strlen($str);
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Byte-safe substr()
-	 *
-	 * @param	string	$str
-	 * @param	int	$start
-	 * @param	int	$length
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	protected static function substr($str, $start, $length = NULL)
-	{
-		if (defined('MB_OVERLOAD_STRING'))
-		{
-			// mb_substr($str, $start, null, '8bit') returns an empty
-			// string on PHP 5.3
-			isset($length) OR $length = ($start >= 0 ? self::strlen($str) - $start : -$start);
-			return mb_substr($str, $start, $length, '8bit');
-		}
-
-		return isset($length)
-			? substr($str, $start, $length)
-			: substr($str, $start);
-	}
-}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Encryption.php b/system/libraries/Encryption.php
index b11588afd02..572cab3fcb1 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Encryption.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Encryption.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ public function __construct(array $params = array())
 			show_error('Encryption: Unable to find an available encryption driver.');
 		}
 
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 		$this->initialize($params);
 
 		if ( ! isset($this->_key) && self::strlen($key = config_item('encryption_key')) > 0)
@@ -476,7 +477,7 @@ protected function _openssl_encrypt($data, $params)
 
 		$iv = ($iv_size = openssl_cipher_iv_length($params['handle']))
 			? $this->create_key($iv_size)
-			: NULL;
+			: '';
 
 		$data = openssl_encrypt(
 			$data,
@@ -585,7 +586,7 @@ protected function _mcrypt_decrypt($data, $params)
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$iv = NULL;
+			$iv = '';
 		}
 
 		if (mcrypt_generic_init($params['handle'], $params['key'], $iv) < 0)
@@ -632,7 +633,7 @@ protected function _openssl_decrypt($data, $params)
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$iv = NULL;
+			$iv = '';
 		}
 
 		return empty($params['handle'])
@@ -910,8 +911,8 @@ public function __get($key)
 	protected static function strlen($str)
 	{
 		return (self::$func_overload)
-			? mb_strlen($str, '8bit')
-			: strlen($str);
+			? mb_strlen((string) $str, '8bit')
+			: strlen((string) $str);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
index 32cdc6bd4d7..dd1685db193 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -851,11 +852,6 @@ protected function _get_error_message($rule, $field)
 		{
 			return $line;
 		}
-		// DEPRECATED support for non-prefixed keys, lang file again
-		elseif (FALSE !== ($line = $this->CI->lang->line($rule, FALSE)))
-		{
-			return $line;
-		}
 
 		return $this->CI->lang->line('form_validation_error_message_not_set').'('.$rule.')';
 	}
@@ -1062,7 +1058,7 @@ public function required($str)
 	{
 		return is_array($str)
 			? (empty($str) === FALSE)
-			: (trim($str) !== '');
+			: (trim((string) $str) !== '');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Ftp.php b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
index 61fa80c0f2a..15a0887b78e 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Ftp.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ protected function _login()
 	 */
 	protected function _is_conn()
 	{
-		if ( ! is_resource($this->conn_id))
+		if ($this->conn_id === FALSE)
 		{
 			if ($this->debug === TRUE)
 			{
diff --git a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
index 6aeee17909e..4e5fc7be6fc 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Migration.php b/system/libraries/Migration.php
index 915d4e453e2..9ee92b6e8fc 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Migration.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Migration.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Pagination.php b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
index 20418c00a95..7f1ed7739c8 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Pagination.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -363,14 +364,6 @@ public function initialize(array $params = array())
 			unset($params['attributes']);
 		}
 
-		// Deprecated legacy support for the anchor_class option
-		// Should be removed in CI 3.1+
-		if (isset($params['anchor_class']))
-		{
-			empty($params['anchor_class']) OR $attributes['class'] = $params['anchor_class'];
-			unset($params['anchor_class']);
-		}
-
 		foreach ($params as $key => $val)
 		{
 			if (property_exists($this, $key))
@@ -522,7 +515,7 @@ public function create_links()
 		}
 
 		// If something isn't quite right, back to the default base page.
-		if ( ! ctype_digit($this->cur_page) OR ($this->use_page_numbers && (int) $this->cur_page === 0))
+		if ( ! ctype_digit((string) $this->cur_page) OR ($this->use_page_numbers && (int) $this->cur_page === 0))
 		{
 			$this->cur_page = $base_page;
 		}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Parser.php b/system/libraries/Parser.php
index 04476f1a262..e0adec6066d 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Parser.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Parser.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Profiler.php b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
index 5531f336660..d423c14811c 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Profiler.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -496,7 +497,7 @@ protected function _compile_config()
 			}
 
 			$output .= '<tr><td style="padding:5px;vertical-align:top;color:#900;background-color:#ddd;">'
-				.$config.'&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding:5px;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;">'.$pre.htmlspecialchars($val, ENT_QUOTES, config_item('charset')).$pre_close."</td></tr>\n";
+				.$config.'&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding:5px;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;">'.$pre.htmlspecialchars((string) $val, ENT_QUOTES, config_item('charset')).$pre_close."</td></tr>\n";
 		}
 
 		return $output."</table>\n</fieldset>";
@@ -534,7 +535,7 @@ protected function _compile_session_data()
 			}
 
 			$output .= '<tr><td style="padding:5px;vertical-align:top;color:#900;background-color:#ddd;">'
-				.$key.'&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding:5px;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;">'.$pre.htmlspecialchars($val, ENT_QUOTES, config_item('charset')).$pre_close."</td></tr>\n";
+				.$key.'&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding:5px;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;">'.$pre.htmlspecialchars((string) $val, ENT_QUOTES, config_item('charset')).$pre_close."</td></tr>\n";
 		}
 
 		return $output."</table>\n</fieldset>";
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/CI_Session_driver_interface.php b/system/libraries/Session/CI_Session_driver_interface.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23a0dfd5384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/CI_Session_driver_interface.php
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP
+ *
+ * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @package	CodeIgniter
+ * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com
+ * @since	Version 3.0.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
+defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
+
+/**
+ * CI_Session_driver_interface
+ *
+ * A compatibility typeless SessionHandlerInterface alias
+ *
+ * @package	CodeIgniter
+ * @subpackage	Libraries
+ * @category	Sessions
+ * @author	Andrey Andreev
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
+ */
+interface CI_Session_driver_interface {
+
+	public function open($save_path, $name);
+	public function close();
+	public function read($session_id);
+	public function write($session_id, $session_data);
+	public function destroy($session_id);
+	public function gc($maxlifetime);
+	public function updateTimestamp($session_id, $data);
+	public function validateId($session_id);
+}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/OldSessionWrapper.php b/system/libraries/Session/OldSessionWrapper.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d013c777fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/OldSessionWrapper.php
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP
+ *
+ * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @package	CodeIgniter
+ * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com
+ * @since	Version 3.0.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
+defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
+
+/**
+ * OldSessionWrapper
+ *
+ * PHP 8 Session handler compatibility wrapper, pre-PHP8 version
+ *
+ * @package	CodeIgniter
+ * @subpackage	Libraries
+ * @category	Sessions
+ * @author	Andrey Andreev
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
+ */
+class CI_SessionWrapper implements SessionHandlerInterface, SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface {
+
+	protected $driver;
+
+	public function __construct(CI_Session_driver_interface $driver)
+	{
+		$this->driver = $driver;
+	}
+
+	public function open($save_path, $name)
+	{
+		return $this->driver->open($save_path, $name);
+	}
+
+	public function close()
+	{
+		return $this->driver->close();
+	}
+
+	public function read($id)
+	{
+		return $this->driver->read($id);
+	}
+
+	public function write($id, $data)
+	{
+		return $this->driver->write($id, $data);
+	}
+
+	public function destroy($id)
+	{
+		return $this->driver->destroy($id);
+	}
+
+	public function gc($maxlifetime)
+	{
+		return $this->driver->gc($maxlifetime);
+	}
+
+	public function updateTimestamp($id, $data)
+	{
+		return $this->driver->updateTimestamp($id, $data);
+	}
+
+	public function validateId($id)
+	{
+		return $this->driver->validateId($id);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/PHP8SessionWrapper.php b/system/libraries/Session/PHP8SessionWrapper.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41889bc6188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/PHP8SessionWrapper.php
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP
+ *
+ * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @package	CodeIgniter
+ * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com
+ * @since	Version 3.0.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
+defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
+
+/**
+ * PHP8SessionWrapper
+ *
+ * PHP 8 Session handler compatibility wrapper
+ *
+ * @package	CodeIgniter
+ * @subpackage	Libraries
+ * @category	Sessions
+ * @author	Andrey Andreev
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
+ */
+class CI_SessionWrapper implements SessionHandlerInterface, SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface {
+
+	protected CI_Session_driver_interface $driver;
+
+	public function __construct(CI_Session_driver_interface $driver)
+	{
+		$this->driver = $driver;
+	}
+
+	public function open(string $save_path, string $name): bool
+	{
+		return $this->driver->open($save_path, $name);
+	}
+
+	public function close(): bool
+	{
+		return $this->driver->close();
+	}
+
+	#[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
+	public function read(string $id): mixed
+	{
+		return $this->driver->read($id);
+	}
+
+	public function write(string $id, string $data): bool
+	{
+		return $this->driver->write($id, $data);
+	}
+
+	public function destroy(string $id): bool
+	{
+		return $this->driver->destroy($id);
+	}
+
+	#[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
+	public function gc(int $maxlifetime): mixed
+	{
+		return $this->driver->gc($maxlifetime);
+	}
+
+	public function updateTimestamp(string $id, string$data): bool
+	{
+		return $this->driver->updateTimestamp($id, $data);
+	}
+
+	public function validateId(string $id): bool
+	{
+		return $this->driver->validateId($id);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/Session.php b/system/libraries/Session/Session.php
index e36487d25e7..2d55f822af9 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Session/Session.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/Session.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.0
@@ -102,15 +103,24 @@ public function __construct(array $params = array())
 		$this->_configure($params);
 		$this->_config['_sid_regexp'] = $this->_sid_regexp;
 
-		$class = new $class($this->_config);
-		if ($class instanceof SessionHandlerInterface)
+		$class   = new $class($this->_config);
+		$wrapper = new CI_SessionWrapper($class);
+		if (is_php('5.4'))
 		{
-			session_set_save_handler($class, TRUE);
+			session_set_save_handler($wrapper, TRUE);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			log_message('error', "Session: Driver '".$this->_driver."' doesn't implement SessionHandlerInterface. Aborting.");
-			return;
+			session_set_save_handler(
+				array($wrapper, 'open'),
+				array($wrapper, 'close'),
+				array($wrapper, 'read'),
+				array($wrapper, 'write'),
+				array($wrapper, 'destroy'),
+				array($wrapper, 'gc')
+			);
+
+			register_shutdown_function('session_write_close');
 		}
 
 		// Sanitize the cookie, because apparently PHP doesn't do that for userspace handlers
@@ -144,15 +154,36 @@ public function __construct(array $params = array())
 		// unless it is being currently created or regenerated
 		elseif (isset($_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']]) && $_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']] === session_id())
 		{
-			setcookie(
-				$this->_config['cookie_name'],
-				session_id(),
-				(empty($this->_config['cookie_lifetime']) ? 0 : time() + $this->_config['cookie_lifetime']),
-				$this->_config['cookie_path'],
-				$this->_config['cookie_domain'],
-				$this->_config['cookie_secure'],
-				TRUE
-			);
+			$expires = empty($this->_config['cookie_lifetime']) ? 0 : time() + $this->_config['cookie_lifetime'];
+			if (is_php('7.3'))
+			{
+				setcookie(
+					$this->_config['cookie_name'],
+					session_id(),
+					array(
+						'expires' => $expires,
+						'path' => $this->_config['cookie_path'],
+						'domain' => $this->_config['cookie_domain'],
+						'secure' => $this->_config['cookie_secure'],
+						'httponly' => TRUE,
+						'samesite' => $this->_config['cookie_samesite']
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				$header = 'Set-Cookie: '.$this->_config['cookie_name'].'='.session_id();
+				$header .= empty($expires) ? '' : '; Expires='.gmdate('D, d-M-Y H:i:s T', $expires).'; Max-Age='.$this->_config['cookie_lifetime'];
+				$header .= '; Path='.$this->_config['cookie_path'];
+				$header .= ($this->_config['cookie_domain'] !== '' ? '; Domain='.$this->_config['cookie_domain'] : '');
+				$header .= ($this->_config['cookie_secure'] ? '; Secure' : '').'; HttpOnly; SameSite='.$this->_config['cookie_samesite'];
+				header($header);
+			}
+
+			if ( ! $this->_config['cookie_secure'] && $this->_config['cookie_samesite'] === 'None')
+			{
+				log_message('error', "Session: '".$this->_config['cookie_name']."' cookie sent with SameSite=None, but without Secure attribute.'");
+			}
 		}
 
 		$this->_ci_init_vars();
@@ -174,6 +205,13 @@ public function __construct(array $params = array())
 	 */
 	protected function _ci_load_classes($driver)
 	{
+		// PHP 7 compatibility
+		interface_exists('SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface', FALSE) OR require_once(BASEPATH.'libraries/Session/SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface.php');
+
+		require_once(BASEPATH.'libraries/Session/CI_Session_driver_interface.php');
+		$wrapper = is_php('8.0') ? 'PHP8SessionWrapper' : 'OldSessionWrapper';
+		require_once(BASEPATH.'libraries/Session/'.$wrapper.'.php');
+
 		$prefix = config_item('subclass_prefix');
 
 		if ( ! class_exists('CI_Session_driver', FALSE))
@@ -267,13 +305,43 @@ protected function _configure(&$params)
 		isset($params['cookie_domain']) OR $params['cookie_domain'] = config_item('cookie_domain');
 		isset($params['cookie_secure']) OR $params['cookie_secure'] = (bool) config_item('cookie_secure');
 
-		session_set_cookie_params(
-			$params['cookie_lifetime'],
-			$params['cookie_path'],
-			$params['cookie_domain'],
-			$params['cookie_secure'],
-			TRUE // HttpOnly; Yes, this is intentional and not configurable for security reasons
-		);
+		isset($params['cookie_samesite']) OR $params['cookie_samesite'] = config_item('sess_samesite');
+		if ( ! isset($params['cookie_samesite']) && is_php('7.3'))
+		{
+			$params['cookie_samesite'] = ini_get('session.cookie_samesite');
+		}
+
+		if (isset($params['cookie_samesite']))
+		{
+			$params['cookie_samesite'] = ucfirst(strtolower($params['cookie_samesite']));
+			in_array($params['cookie_samesite'], array('Lax', 'Strict', 'None'), TRUE) OR $params['cookie_samesite'] = 'Lax';
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$params['cookie_samesite'] = 'Lax';
+		}
+
+		if (is_php('7.3'))
+		{
+			session_set_cookie_params(array(
+				'lifetime' => $params['cookie_lifetime'],
+				'path'     => $params['cookie_path'],
+				'domain'   => $params['cookie_domain'],
+				'secure'   => $params['cookie_secure'],
+				'httponly' => TRUE,
+				'samesite' => $params['cookie_samesite']
+			));
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			session_set_cookie_params(
+				$params['cookie_lifetime'],
+				$params['cookie_path'].'; SameSite='.$params['cookie_samesite'],
+				$params['cookie_domain'],
+				$params['cookie_secure'],
+				TRUE // HttpOnly; Yes, this is intentional and not configurable for security reasons
+			);
+		}
 
 		if (empty($expiration))
 		{
@@ -704,7 +772,7 @@ public function sess_regenerate($destroy = FALSE)
 	 *
 	 * Legacy CI_Session compatibility method
 	 *
-	 * @returns	array
+	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function &get_userdata()
 	{
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface.php b/system/libraries/Session/SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe4a321ab01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface.php
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP
+ *
+ * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @package	CodeIgniter
+ * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com
+ * @since	Version 3.0.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
+defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
+
+/**
+ * SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface
+ *
+ * PHP 7 compatibility interface
+ *
+ * @package	CodeIgniter
+ * @subpackage	Libraries
+ * @category	Sessions
+ * @author	Andrey Andreev
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
+ */
+interface SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface {
+
+	public function updateTimestamp($session_id, $data);
+	public function validateId($session_id);
+}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/Session_driver.php b/system/libraries/Session/Session_driver.php
index 734b6e052da..24b4b465e21 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Session/Session_driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/Session_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
-abstract class CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
+abstract class CI_Session_driver {
 
 	protected $_config;
 
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ public function __construct(&$params)
 	 */
 	public function php5_validate_id()
 	{
-		if (isset($_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']]) && ! $this->validateSessionId($_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']]))
+		if ($this->_success === 0 && isset($_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']]) && ! $this->validateId($_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']]))
 		{
 			unset($_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']]);
 		}
@@ -139,14 +140,28 @@ public function php5_validate_id()
 	 */
 	protected function _cookie_destroy()
 	{
+		if ( ! is_php('7.3'))
+		{
+			$header = 'Set-Cookie: '.$this->_config['cookie_name'].'=';
+			$header .= '; Expires='.gmdate('D, d-M-Y H:i:s T', 1).'; Max-Age=-1';
+			$header .= '; Path='.$this->_config['cookie_path'];
+			$header .= ($this->_config['cookie_domain'] !== '' ? '; Domain='.$this->_config['cookie_domain'] : '');
+			$header .= ($this->_config['cookie_secure'] ? '; Secure' : '').'; HttpOnly; SameSite='.$this->_config['cookie_samesite'];
+			header($header);
+			return;
+		}
+
 		return setcookie(
 			$this->_config['cookie_name'],
-			NULL,
-			1,
-			$this->_config['cookie_path'],
-			$this->_config['cookie_domain'],
-			$this->_config['cookie_secure'],
-			TRUE
+			'',
+			array(
+				'expires' => 1,
+				'path' => $this->_config['cookie_path'],
+				'domain' => $this->_config['cookie_domain'],
+				'secure' => $this->_config['cookie_secure'],
+				'httponly' => TRUE,
+				'samesite' => $this->_config['cookie_samesite']
+			)
 		);
 	}
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_database_driver.php b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_database_driver.php
index a3055af5e5e..4b475364b78 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_database_driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_database_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
-class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
+class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements CI_Session_driver_interface {
 
 	/**
 	 * DB object
@@ -343,16 +344,41 @@ public function gc($maxlifetime)
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+	/**
+	 * Update Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * Update session timestamp without modifying data
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @param	string	$data	Unknown & unused
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function updateTimestamp($id, $unknown)
+	{
+		// Prevent previous QB calls from messing with our queries
+		$this->_db->reset_query();
+
+		$this->_db->where('id', $id);
+		if ($this->_config['match_ip'])
+		{
+			$this->_db->where('ip_address', $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
+		}
+
+		return (bool) $this->_db->update($this->_config['save_path'], array('timestamp' => time()));
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Validate ID
 	 *
 	 * Checks whether a session ID record exists server-side,
 	 * to enforce session.use_strict_mode.
 	 *
-	 * @param	string	$id
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	public function validateSessionId($id)
+	public function validateId($id)
 	{
 		// Prevent previous QB calls from messing with our queries
 		$this->_db->reset_query();
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_files_driver.php b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_files_driver.php
index 49bf5b78137..be0dc9ede07 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_files_driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_files_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,11 +30,12 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
-*/
+ */
 defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
 
 /**
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
-class CI_Session_files_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
+class CI_Session_files_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements CI_Session_driver_interface {
 
 	/**
 	 * Save path
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ public function __construct(&$params)
 
 		$this->_sid_regexp = $this->_config['_sid_regexp'];
 
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -399,16 +400,32 @@ public function gc($maxlifetime)
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+	/**
+	 * Update Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * Update session timestamp without modifying data
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @param	string	$data	Unknown & unused
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function updateTimestamp($id, $unknown)
+	{
+		return touch($this->_file_path.$id);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Validate ID
 	 *
 	 * Checks whether a session ID record exists server-side,
 	 * to enforce session.use_strict_mode.
 	 *
-	 * @param	string	$id
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	public function validateSessionId($id)
+	public function validateId($id)
 	{
 		$result = is_file($this->_file_path.$id);
 		clearstatcache(TRUE, $this->_file_path.$id);
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_memcached_driver.php b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_memcached_driver.php
index b4d3eb46438..d1401630d35 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_memcached_driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_memcached_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
-class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
+class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements CI_Session_driver_interface {
 
 	/**
 	 * Memcached instance
@@ -294,16 +295,32 @@ public function gc($maxlifetime)
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+	/**
+	 * Update Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * Update session timestamp without modifying data
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @param	string	$data	Unknown & unused
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function updateTimestamp($id, $unknown)
+	{
+		return $this->_memcached->touch($this->_key_prefix.$id, $this->_config['expiration']);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Validate ID
 	 *
 	 * Checks whether a session ID record exists server-side,
 	 * to enforce session.use_strict_mode.
 	 *
-	 * @param	string	$id
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	public function validateSessionId($id)
+	public function validateId($id)
 	{
 		$this->_memcached->get($this->_key_prefix.$id);
 		return ($this->_memcached->getResultCode() === Memcached::RES_SUCCESS);
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_redis_driver.php b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_redis_driver.php
index df99cc74ada..43dd8415dce 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_redis_driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_redis_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
-class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
+class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements CI_Session_driver_interface {
 
 	/**
 	 * phpRedis instance
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ public function __construct(&$params)
 			$save_path = array(
 				'host'    => $matches[1],
 				'port'    => empty($matches[2]) ? NULL : $matches[2],
-				'timeout' => NULL // We always pass this to Redis::connect(), so it needs to exist
+				'timeout' => 0.0 // We always pass this to Redis::connect(), so it needs to exist
 			);
 		}
 		else
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ public function __construct(&$params)
 			{
 				$save_path['password'] = preg_match('#auth=([^\s&]+)#', $matches['options'], $match) ? $match[1] : NULL;
 				$save_path['database'] = preg_match('#database=(\d+)#', $matches['options'], $match) ? (int) $match[1] : NULL;
-				$save_path['timeout']  = preg_match('#timeout=(\d+\.\d+)#', $matches['options'], $match) ? (float) $match[1] : NULL;
+				$save_path['timeout']  = preg_match('#timeout=(\d+\.\d+)#', $matches['options'], $match) ? (float) $match[1] : 0.0;
 
 				preg_match('#prefix=([^\s&]+)#', $matches['options'], $match) && $this->_key_prefix = $match[1];
 			}
@@ -380,16 +381,32 @@ public function gc($maxlifetime)
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+	/**
+	 * Update Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * Update session timestamp without modifying data
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @param	string	$data	Unknown & unused
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function updateTimestamp($id, $unknown)
+	{
+		return $this->_redis->{$this->_setTimeout_name}($this->_key_prefix.$id, $this->_config['expiration']);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Validate ID
 	 *
 	 * Checks whether a session ID record exists server-side,
 	 * to enforce session.use_strict_mode.
 	 *
-	 * @param	string	$id
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	public function validateSessionId($id)
+	public function validateId($id)
 	{
 		return (bool) $this->_redis->exists($this->_key_prefix.$id);
 	}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Table.php b/system/libraries/Table.php
index 98258b63d0f..a033ced212c 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Table.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Table.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.1
diff --git a/system/libraries/Trackback.php b/system/libraries/Trackback.php
index 75ccae8f8e2..9246ec6e950 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Trackback.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Trackback.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Typography.php b/system/libraries/Typography.php
index d919d484a6e..108bc772570 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Typography.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Typography.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
diff --git a/system/libraries/Unit_test.php b/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
index 55e3bfcb24e..e1b94f0a816 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.1
diff --git a/system/libraries/Upload.php b/system/libraries/Upload.php
index 8d13e440e89..168211a9144 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Upload.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Upload.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -1227,7 +1228,7 @@ protected function _file_mime_type($file)
 		if (function_exists('finfo_file'))
 		{
 			$finfo = @finfo_open(FILEINFO_MIME);
-			if (is_resource($finfo)) // It is possible that a FALSE value is returned, if there is no magic MIME database file found on the system
+			if ($finfo !== FALSE) // It is possible that a FALSE value is returned, if there is no magic MIME database file found on the system
 			{
 				$mime = @finfo_file($finfo, $file['tmp_name']);
 				finfo_close($finfo);
diff --git a/system/libraries/User_agent.php b/system/libraries/User_agent.php
index a42975b3562..6dfabda2ebd 100644
--- a/system/libraries/User_agent.php
+++ b/system/libraries/User_agent.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@ public function is_referral()
 			else
 			{
 				$referer_host = @parse_url($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'], PHP_URL_HOST);
-				$own_host = parse_url(config_item('base_url'), PHP_URL_HOST);
+				$own_host = parse_url((string) config_item('base_url'), PHP_URL_HOST);
 
 				$this->referer = ($referer_host && $referer_host !== $own_host);
 			}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php b/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
index fbb9a28a024..8587015e877 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -1718,7 +1719,7 @@ public function addScalar($val, $type = 'string')
 
 		if ($typeof != 1)
 		{
-			echo '<strong>XML_RPC_Values</strong>: not a scalar type (${typeof})<br />';
+			echo "<strong>XML_RPC_Values</strong>: not a scalar type ($typeof)<br />";
 			return 0;
 		}
 
@@ -1909,10 +1910,10 @@ public function scalarval()
 	 * @param	int	unix timestamp
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
-	*/
+	 */
 	public function iso8601_encode($time, $utc = FALSE)
 	{
-		return ($utc) ? strftime('%Y%m%dT%H:%i:%s', $time) : gmstrftime('%Y%m%dT%H:%i:%s', $time);
+		return ($utc) ? date('Ymd\TH:i:s', $time) : gmdate('Ymd\TH:i:s', $time);
 	}
 
 } // END XML_RPC_Values Class
diff --git a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
index e20bf48366a..eb5a24c4917 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -550,8 +551,8 @@ public function multicall($m)
 	 */
 	public function multicall_error($err)
 	{
-		$str = is_string($err) ? $this->xmlrpcstr["multicall_${err}"] : $err->faultString();
-		$code = is_string($err) ? $this->xmlrpcerr["multicall_${err}"] : $err->faultCode();
+		$str = is_string($err) ? $this->xmlrpcstr["multicall_$err"] : $err->faultString();
+		$code = is_string($err) ? $this->xmlrpcerr["multicall_$err"] : $err->faultCode();
 
 		$struct['faultCode'] = new XML_RPC_Values($code, 'int');
 		$struct['faultString'] = new XML_RPC_Values($str, 'string');
diff --git a/system/libraries/Zip.php b/system/libraries/Zip.php
index b54d695d6d7..6b9b1816bf7 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Zip.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Zip.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
  * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ class CI_Zip {
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 
 		$this->now = time();
 		log_message('info', 'Zip Compression Class Initialized');
diff --git a/tests/Bootstrap.php b/tests/Bootstrap.php
index b4e56bdae8e..ada6a5998b7 100644
--- a/tests/Bootstrap.php
+++ b/tests/Bootstrap.php
@@ -65,6 +65,13 @@ class_alias('org\bovigo\vfs\vfsStreamWrapper', 'vfsStreamWrapper');
 
 is_php('5.6') && ini_set('php.internal_encoding', 'UTF-8');
 
+if (is_php('7.0'))
+{
+	$test_case_code = file_get_contents(PROJECT_BASE.'vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/Framework/TestCase.php');
+	$test_case_code = preg_replace('/^\s+((?:protected|public)(?: static)? function \w+\(\)): void/m', '$1', $test_case_code);
+	file_put_contents(PROJECT_BASE.'vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/Framework/TestCase.php', $test_case_code);
+}
+
 include_once SYSTEM_PATH.'core/compat/mbstring.php';
 include_once SYSTEM_PATH.'core/compat/hash.php';
 include_once SYSTEM_PATH.'core/compat/password.php';
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/Setup_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/Setup_test.php
index 5317c56c70b..43545822a19 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/Setup_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/Setup_test.php
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 
-class Setup_test extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
+class Setup_test extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase {
 
 	public function test_bootstrap_constants()
 	{
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/core/Input_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/core/Input_test.php
index 07a99e13672..93d1b7118c3 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/core/Input_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/core/Input_test.php
@@ -18,6 +18,14 @@ public function set_up()
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+	public function tear_down()
+	{
+		$_POST = [];
+		$_GET = [];
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	public function test_get_not_exists()
 	{
 		$this->assertSame(array(), $this->input->get());
@@ -93,7 +101,7 @@ public function test_post_get()
 	public function test_post_get_array_notation()
 	{
 		$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] = 'POST';
-		$_POST['foo']['bar'] = 'baz';
+		$_POST['foo'] = array('bar' => 'baz');
 		$barArray = array('bar' => 'baz');
 
 		$this->assertEquals('baz', $this->input->get_post('foo[bar]'));
@@ -120,7 +128,7 @@ public function test_get_post()
 	public function test_get_post_array_notation()
 	{
 		$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] = 'GET';
-		$_GET['foo']['bar'] = 'baz';
+		$_GET['foo'] = array('bar' => 'baz');
 		$barArray = array('bar' => 'baz');
 
 		$this->assertEquals('baz', $this->input->get_post('foo[bar]'));
@@ -169,7 +177,7 @@ public function test_fetch_from_array()
 		$this->assertEquals("Hello, i try to [removed]alert&#40;'Hack'&#41;;[removed] your site", $harmless);
 
 		$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] = 'POST';
-		$_POST['foo']['bar'] = 'baz';
+		$_POST['foo'] = array('bar' => 'baz');
 		$barArray = array('bar' => 'baz');
 
 		$this->assertEquals('baz', $this->input->post('foo[bar]'));
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/core/Loader_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/core/Loader_test.php
index df698f30ce5..df9c9f44b68 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/core/Loader_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/core/Loader_test.php
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ public function test_library()
 		// Test loading as an array.
 		$this->assertInstanceOf('CI_Loader', $this->load->library(array($lib)));
 		$this->assertTrue(class_exists($class), $class.' does not exist');
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($class, $lib, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($lib, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($class, $this->ci_obj->$lib);
 
 		// Create library in VFS
 		$lib = array('unit_test_lib' => 'unit_test_lib');
@@ -87,14 +88,16 @@ public function test_library_extension()
 		$this->assertInstanceOf('CI_Loader', $this->load->library($lib));
 		$this->assertTrue(class_exists($class), $class.' does not exist');
 		$this->assertTrue(class_exists($ext), $ext.' does not exist');
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($class, $name, $this->ci_obj);
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($ext, $name, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($name, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($class, $this->ci_obj->$name);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($ext, $this->ci_obj->$name);
 
 		// Test reloading with object name
 		$obj = 'exttest';
 		$this->assertInstanceOf('CI_Loader', $this->load->library($lib, NULL, $obj));
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($class, $obj, $this->ci_obj);
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($ext, $obj, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($obj, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($class, $this->ci_obj->$obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($ext, $this->ci_obj->$obj);
 
 		// Test reloading
 		unset($this->ci_obj->$name);
@@ -137,7 +140,8 @@ public function test_library_config()
 		$obj = 'testy';
 		$this->assertInstanceOf('CI_Loader', $this->load->library($lib, NULL, $obj));
 		$this->assertTrue(class_exists($class), $class.' does not exist');
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($class, $obj, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($obj, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($class, $this->ci_obj->$obj);
 		$this->assertEquals($cfg, $this->ci_obj->$obj->config);
 
 		// Test is_loaded
@@ -168,7 +172,8 @@ public function test_load_library_in_application_dir()
 
 		// Was the model class instantiated.
 		$this->assertTrue(class_exists($class), $class.' does not exist');
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($class, $lib, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($lib, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($class, $this->ci_obj->$lib);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -188,12 +193,14 @@ class_exists('CI_Driver_Library', TRUE);
 		// Test loading as an array.
 		$this->assertInstanceOf('CI_Loader', $this->load->driver(array($driver)));
 		$this->assertTrue(class_exists($class), $class.' does not exist');
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($class, $driver, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($driver, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($class, $this->ci_obj->$driver);
 
 		// Test loading as a library with a name
 		$obj = 'testdrive';
 		$this->assertInstanceOf('CI_Loader', $this->load->library($driver, NULL, $obj));
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($class, $obj, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($obj, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($class, $this->ci_obj->$obj);
 
 		// Test a string given to params
 		$this->assertInstanceOf('CI_Loader', $this->load->driver($driver, ' '));
@@ -242,8 +249,9 @@ public function test_model_subdir()
 		// Was the model class instantiated?
 		$this->assertTrue(class_exists($model));
 		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($name, $this->ci_obj);
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($base, $name, $this->ci_obj);
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($model, $name, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($name, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($base, $this->ci_obj->$name);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($model, $this->ci_obj->$name);
 
 		// Test name conflict
 		$obj = 'conflict';
@@ -303,12 +311,16 @@ public function test_load_view()
 		$var = 'hello';
 		$value = 'World!';
 		$content = 'This is my test page.  ';
-		$this->ci_vfs_create($view, $content.'<?php echo $'.$var.';', $this->ci_app_root, 'views');
+		$this->ci_vfs_create($view, $content.'<?php echo (isset($'.$var.') ? $'.$var.' : "undefined");', $this->ci_app_root, 'views');
 
 		// Test returning view
 		$out = $this->load->view($view, array($var => $value), TRUE);
 		$this->assertEquals($content.$value, $out);
 
+		// Test view with missing parameter in $vars
+		$out = $this->load->view($view, [], TRUE);
+		$this->assertEquals($content.'undefined', $out);
+
 		// Mock output class
 		$output = $this->getMockBuilder('CI_Output')->setMethods(array('append_output'))->getMock();
 		$output->expects($this->once())->method('append_output')->with($content.$value);
@@ -318,6 +330,15 @@ public function test_load_view()
 		$vars = new stdClass();
 		$vars->$var = $value;
 		$this->assertInstanceOf('CI_Loader', $this->load->view($view, $vars));
+
+		// Create another view in VFS, nesting the first one without its own $vars
+		$nesting_view = 'unit_test_nesting_view';
+		$nesting_content = 'Here comes a nested view.  ';
+		$this->ci_vfs_create($nesting_view, $nesting_content.'<?php $loader->view("'.$view.'");', $this->ci_app_root, 'views');
+
+		// Test $vars inheritance to nested views
+		$out = $this->load->view($nesting_view, array("loader" => $this->load, $var => $value), TRUE);
+		$this->assertEquals($nesting_content.$content.$value, $out);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -586,15 +607,18 @@ public function test_initialize()
 
 		// Verify library
 		$this->assertTrue(class_exists($lib_class), $lib_class.' does not exist');
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($lib_class, $lib, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($lib, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($lib_class, $this->ci_obj->$lib);
 
 		// Verify driver
 		$this->assertTrue(class_exists($drv_class), $drv_class.' does not exist');
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($drv_class, $drv, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($drv, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($drv_class, $this->ci_obj->$drv);
 
 		// Verify model
 		$this->assertTrue(class_exists($model), $model.' does not exist');
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($model, $model, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($model, $this->ci_obj);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($model, $this->ci_obj->$model);
 
 		// Verify config calls
 		$this->assertEquals($cfg['config'], $this->ci_obj->config->loaded);
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/core/Log_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/core/Log_test.php
index 9279843857e..fc3e11e1fa5 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/core/Log_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/core/Log_test.php
@@ -9,38 +9,38 @@ public function test_configuration()
 		$threshold->setAccessible(TRUE);
 		$date_fmt   = new ReflectionProperty('CI_Log', '_date_fmt');
 		$date_fmt->setAccessible(TRUE);
-		$file_ext   = new ReflectionProperty('CI_Log', '_file_ext');
-		$file_ext->setAccessible(TRUE);
+		$filename   = new ReflectionProperty('CI_Log', '_log_filename');
+		$filename->setAccessible(TRUE);
 		$file_perms = new ReflectionProperty('CI_Log', '_file_permissions');
 		$file_perms->setAccessible(TRUE);
 		$enabled    = new ReflectionProperty('CI_Log', '_enabled');
 		$enabled->setAccessible(TRUE);
 
-		$this->ci_set_config('log_path', '/root/');
+		$this->ci_set_config('log_path', $this->ci_readonly_dir->url());
 		$this->ci_set_config('log_threshold', 'z');
 		$this->ci_set_config('log_date_format', 'd.m.Y');
-		$this->ci_set_config('log_file_extension', '');
+		$this->ci_set_config('log_filename', '');
 		$this->ci_set_config('log_file_permissions', '');
 		$instance = new CI_Log();
 
-		$this->assertEquals($path->getValue($instance), '/root/');
+		$this->assertNotFalse(strpos($path->getValue($instance), 'application/readonly'));
 		$this->assertEquals($threshold->getValue($instance), 1);
 		$this->assertEquals($date_fmt->getValue($instance), 'd.m.Y');
-		$this->assertEquals($file_ext->getValue($instance), 'php');
+		$this->assertEquals($filename->getValue($instance), 'log-'.date('Y-m-d').'.php');
 		$this->assertEquals($file_perms->getValue($instance), 0644);
 		$this->assertFalse($enabled->getValue($instance));
 
 		$this->ci_set_config('log_path', '');
 		$this->ci_set_config('log_threshold', '0');
 		$this->ci_set_config('log_date_format', '');
-		$this->ci_set_config('log_file_extension', '.log');
+		$this->ci_set_config('log_filename', 'testname.log');
 		$this->ci_set_config('log_file_permissions', 0600);
 		$instance = new CI_Log();
 
-		$this->assertEquals($path->getValue($instance), APPPATH.'logs/');
+		$this->assertEquals($path->getValue($instance), $this->ci_vfs_root->url().'application/logs'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
 		$this->assertEquals($threshold->getValue($instance), 0);
 		$this->assertEquals($date_fmt->getValue($instance), 'Y-m-d H:i:s');
-		$this->assertEquals($file_ext->getValue($instance), 'log');
+		$this->assertEquals($filename->getValue($instance), 'testname.log');
 		$this->assertEquals($file_perms->getValue($instance), 0600);
 		$this->assertEquals($enabled->getValue($instance), TRUE);
 	}
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/core/Security_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/core/Security_test.php
index 64efdf9c8c6..4d76f42652e 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/core/Security_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/core/Security_test.php
@@ -253,7 +253,10 @@ public function test_xss_hash()
 		// Perform hash
 		$this->security->xss_hash();
 
-		$this->assertRegExp('#^[0-9a-f]{32}$#iS', $this->security->xss_hash);
+		$assertRegExp = method_exists($this, 'assertMatchesRegularExpression')
+			? 'assertMatchesRegularExpression'
+			: 'assertRegExp';
+		$this->$assertRegExp('#^[0-9a-f]{32}$#iS', $this->security->xss_hash);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/core/compat/mbstring_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/core/compat/mbstring_test.php
index 415222446d2..39f48ac10be 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/core/compat/mbstring_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/core/compat/mbstring_test.php
@@ -27,28 +27,28 @@ public function test_mb_strlen()
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * @depends	test_boostrap
+	 * @depends	test_bootstrap
 	 */
 	public function test_mb_strpos()
 	{
-		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 3 : 6, mb_strpos('тест', 'с'));
+		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 2 : 4, mb_strpos('тест', 'с'));
 		$this->assertFalse(mb_strpos('тест', 'с', 3));
-		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 3 : 6, mb_strpos('тест', 'с', 1, 'UTF-8'));
+		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 2 : 4, mb_strpos('тест', 'с', 1, 'UTF-8'));
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * @depends	test_boostrap
+	 * @depends	test_bootstrap
 	 */
 	public function test_mb_substr()
 	{
 		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 'стинг' : 'естинг', mb_substr('тестинг', 2));
 		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 'нг' : 'г', mb_substr('тестинг', -2));
 		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 'ст' : 'е', mb_substr('тестинг', 2, 2));
-		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 'стинг' : 'естинг', mb_substr('тестинг', 2, 'UTF-8'));
-		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 'нг' : 'г', mb_substr('тестинг', -2, 'UTF-8'));
+		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 'стинг' : 'естинг', mb_substr('тестинг', 2, NULL, 'UTF-8'));
+		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 'нг' : 'г', mb_substr('тестинг', -2, NULL, 'UTF-8'));
 		$this->assertEquals(ICONV_ENABLED ? 'ст' : 'е', mb_substr('тестинг', 2, 2, 'UTF-8'));
 	}
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/database/query_builder/select_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/database/query_builder/select_test.php
index 93b5c3d464e..facda791f51 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/database/query_builder/select_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/database/query_builder/select_test.php
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public function test_select_avg()
 		                    ->row();
 
 		// Average should be 2.5
-		$this->assertEquals('2.5', $job_avg->id);
+		$this->assertEquals(2.5, (float) $job_avg->id);
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/array_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/array_helper_test.php
index b2409c3302f..f4e34467360 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/array_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/array_helper_test.php
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ public function test_random_element()
 
 	public function test_elements()
 	{
-		$this->assertInternalType('array', elements('test', $this->my_array));
-		$this->assertInternalType('array', elements('foo', $this->my_array));
+		$this->assertEquals('array', gettype(elements('test', $this->my_array)));
+		$this->assertEquals('array', gettype(elements('foo', $this->my_array)));
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/date_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/date_helper_test.php
index 8d0317dcbab..82db3b3de71 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/date_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/date_helper_test.php
@@ -10,14 +10,6 @@ public function set_up()
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-	public function test_nice_date()
-	{
-		$this->assertEquals('2016-11-01', nice_date('201611',   'Y-m-d'));
-		$this->assertEquals('2016-11-23', nice_date('20161123', 'Y-m-d'));
-	}
-
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 	public function test_now_local()
 	{
 		/*
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/file_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/file_helper_test.php
index dd74ee46bd0..8d7f8e1eba9 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/file_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/file_helper_test.php
@@ -6,10 +6,7 @@ public function set_up()
 	{
 		$this->helper('file');
 
-		vfsStreamWrapper::register();
-		vfsStreamWrapper::setRoot(new vfsStreamDirectory('testDir'));
-
-		$this->_test_dir = vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot();
+		$this->_test_dir = vfsStream::setup('');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/string_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/string_helper_test.php
index 6de336b01d1..f6d473a41da 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/string_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/string_helper_test.php
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ public function test_reduce_multiples()
 	public function test_random_string()
 	{
 		$this->assertEquals(16, strlen(random_string('alnum', 16)));
-		$this->assertEquals(32, strlen(random_string('unique', 16)));
-		$this->assertInternalType('string', random_string('numeric', 16));
+		$this->assertEquals(32, strlen(random_string('md5', 16)));
+		$this->assertEquals('string', gettype(random_string('numeric', 16)));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/text_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/text_helper_test.php
index e51d96a2924..0713775da74 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/text_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/text_helper_test.php
@@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ public function test_entities_to_ascii()
 
 	public function test_convert_accented_characters()
 	{
-		$path = 'application/config/foreign_chars.php';
-		$this->ci_vfs_clone($path);
-		if (is_php('7.4'))
+		if (substr(PHP_VERSION, 0, 3) === '7.4')
 		{
-			copy(PROJECT_BASE.$path, APPPATH.'../'.$path);
+			return $this->markTestSkipped('For some reason all PHP 7.4 instances on GitHub Actions trigger a parse error when foreign_chars.php is loaded');
 		}
+
+		$this->ci_vfs_clone('application/config/foreign_chars.php');
 		$this->assertEquals('AAAeEEEIIOOEUUUeY', convert_accented_characters('ÀÂÄÈÊËÎÏÔŒÙÛÜŸ'));
 		$this->assertEquals('a e i o u n ue', convert_accented_characters('á é í ó ú ñ ü'));
 	}
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/url_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/url_helper_test.php
index 5f936568b13..1b295511ec3 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/url_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/url_helper_test.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public function test_url_title()
 
 		foreach ($words as $in => $out)
 		{
-			$this->assertEquals($out, url_title($in, 'dash', TRUE));
+			$this->assertEquals($out, url_title($in, '-', TRUE));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public function test_url_title_extra_dashes()
 
 		foreach ($words as $in => $out)
 		{
-			$this->assertEquals($out, url_title($in, 'underscore'));
+			$this->assertEquals($out, url_title($in, '_'));
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Driver_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Driver_test.php
index e4401e6885f..ea5cfa235f8 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Driver_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Driver_test.php
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
  */
 class Driver_test extends CI_TestCase {
 
+	private $name;
+
 	/**
 	 * Set up test framework
 	 */
@@ -50,8 +52,8 @@ public function test_load_driver()
 
 		// Was driver loaded?
 		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($driver, $this->lib);
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($class, $driver, $this->lib);
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf('CI_Driver', $driver, $this->lib);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($class, $this->lib->$driver);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf('CI_Driver', $this->lib->$driver);
 
 		// Was decorate called?
 		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($prop, $this->lib->$driver);
@@ -85,8 +87,8 @@ public function test_load_app_driver()
 
 		// Was driver loaded?
 		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($driver, $this->lib);
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($class, $driver, $this->lib);
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf('CI_Driver', $driver, $this->lib);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($class, $this->lib->$driver);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf('CI_Driver', $this->lib->$driver);
 
 		// Do we get an error for a non-existent driver?
 		$this->setExpectedException('RuntimeException', 'CI Error: Unable to load the requested driver: CI_'.
@@ -119,9 +121,9 @@ public function test_load_driver_ext()
 
 		// Was driver loaded?
 		$this->assertObjectHasAttribute($driver, $this->lib);
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($class, $driver, $this->lib);
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf($baseclass, $driver, $this->lib);
-		$this->assertAttributeInstanceOf('CI_Driver', $driver, $this->lib);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($class, $this->lib->$driver);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf($baseclass, $this->lib->$driver);
+		$this->assertInstanceOf('CI_Driver', $this->lib->$driver);
 
 		// Create driver extension without base
 		$driver = 'baseless';
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Encrypt_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Encrypt_test.php
deleted file mode 100644
index adbca31b24f..00000000000
--- a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Encrypt_test.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-/**
- * @requires extension mcrypt
- */
-class Encrypt_test extends CI_TestCase {
-
-	public function set_up()
-	{
-		if ( ! extension_loaded('mcrypt'))
-		{
-			return;
-		}
-		elseif (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '7.1.0-alpha', '>='))
-		{
-			return $this->markTestSkipped('ext/mcrypt is deprecated since PHP 7.1 and will generate notices here.');
-		}
-
-		$this->encrypt = new Mock_Libraries_Encrypt();
-		$this->ci_instance_var('encrypt', $this->encrypt);
-
-		$this->ci_set_config('encryption_key', "Encryptin'glike@boss!");
-		$this->msg = 'My secret message';
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	public function test_encode()
-	{
-		$this->assertNotEquals($this->msg, $this->encrypt->encode($this->msg));
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	public function test_decode()
-	{
-		$encoded_msg = $this->encrypt->encode($this->msg);
-		$this->assertEquals($this->msg, $this->encrypt->decode($encoded_msg));
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	public function test_optional_key()
-	{
-		$key = 'Ohai!ù0129°03182%HD1892P0';
-		$encoded_msg = $this->encrypt->encode($this->msg, $key);
-		$this->assertEquals($this->msg, $this->encrypt->decode($encoded_msg, $key));
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	public function test_default_cipher()
-	{
-		$this->assertEquals('rijndael-256', $this->encrypt->get_cipher());
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	public function test_set_cipher()
-	{
-		$this->encrypt->set_cipher(MCRYPT_BLOWFISH);
-		$this->assertEquals('blowfish', $this->encrypt->get_cipher());
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	public function test_default_mode()
-	{
-		$this->assertEquals('cbc', $this->encrypt->get_mode());
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	public function test_set_mode()
-	{
-		$this->encrypt->set_mode(MCRYPT_MODE_CFB);
-		$this->assertEquals('cfb', $this->encrypt->get_mode());
-	}
-
-}
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Encryption_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Encryption_test.php
index 8e411d9fa38..dca2acad391 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Encryption_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Encryption_test.php
@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ class Encryption_test extends CI_TestCase {
 	public function set_up()
 	{
 		$this->encryption = new Mock_Libraries_Encryption();
+
+		if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '7.1', '<'))
+		{
+			$this->markTestSkipped('Ubuntu-latest OpenSSL is not working correct in some older PHP versions.');
+		}
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -151,7 +156,7 @@ public function test__get_params()
 			'hmac_key' => str_repeat("\x0", 16)
 		);
 
-		$this->assertInternalType('array', $this->encryption->__get_params($params));
+		$this->assertEquals('array', gettype($this->encryption->__get_params($params)));
 
 		$params['base64'] = TRUE;
 		$params['hmac_digest'] = 'sha512';
@@ -207,8 +212,8 @@ public function test_initialize_encrypt_decrypt()
 
 		$this->assertEquals($message, $this->encryption->decrypt($this->encryption->encrypt($message)));
 
-		// Try DES in ECB mode, just for the sake of changing stuff
-		$this->encryption->initialize(array('cipher' => 'des', 'mode' => 'ecb', 'key' => substr($key, 0, 8)));
+		// Try DES3 in OFB mode, just for the sake of changing stuff
+		$this->encryption->initialize(array('cipher' => 'tripledes', 'mode' => 'ofb', 'key' => substr($key, 0, 8)));
 		$this->assertEquals($message, $this->encryption->decrypt($this->encryption->encrypt($message)));
 	}
 
@@ -217,7 +222,7 @@ public function test_initialize_encrypt_decrypt()
 	/**
 	 * encrypt(), decrypt test with custom parameters
 	 *
-	 * @depends	test___get_params
+	 * @depends	test__get_params
 	 */
 	public function test_encrypt_decrypt_custom()
 	{
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Table_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Table_test.php
index f505a43fc82..6efae5d184b 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Table_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Table_test.php
@@ -270,14 +270,14 @@ public function test_generate()
 		$table = $this->table->generate($data);
 
 		// Test the table header
-		$this->assertContains('<th>Name</th>', $table);
-		$this->assertContains('<th>Color</th>', $table);
-		$this->assertContains('<th>Size</th>', $table);
+		$this->assertEquals(1, substr_count($table, '<th>Name</th>'));
+		$this->assertEquals(1, substr_count($table, '<th>Color</th>'));
+		$this->assertEquals(1, substr_count($table, '<th>Size</th>'));
 
 		// Test the first entry
-		$this->assertContains('<td>Fred</td>', $table);
-		$this->assertContains('<td>Blue</td>', $table);
-		$this->assertContains('<td>Small</td>', $table);
+		$this->assertEquals(1, substr_count($table, '<td>Fred</td>'));
+		$this->assertEquals(1, substr_count($table, '<td>Blue</td>'));
+		$this->assertEquals(1, substr_count($table, '<td>Small</td>'));
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/tests/mocks/ci_testcase.php b/tests/mocks/ci_testcase.php
index 8dc4682ef08..3ebb6b822e9 100644
--- a/tests/mocks/ci_testcase.php
+++ b/tests/mocks/ci_testcase.php
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-class CI_TestCase extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
+class CI_TestCase extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase {
 
 	public $ci_vfs_root;
 	public $ci_app_root;
 	public $ci_base_root;
+	public $ci_readonly_dir;
 	protected $ci_instance;
 	protected static $ci_test_instance;
 
@@ -35,10 +36,11 @@ public function __construct($name = null, array $data = array(), $dataName = '')
 	public function setUp()
 	{
 		// Setup VFS with base directories
-		$this->ci_vfs_root = vfsStream::setup();
+		$this->ci_vfs_root = vfsStream::setup('');
 		$this->ci_app_root = vfsStream::newDirectory('application')->at($this->ci_vfs_root);
 		$this->ci_base_root = vfsStream::newDirectory('system')->at($this->ci_vfs_root);
 		$this->ci_view_root = vfsStream::newDirectory('views')->at($this->ci_app_root);
+		$this->ci_readonly_dir = vfsStream::newDirectory('readonly', 555)->at($this->ci_app_root);
 
 		if (method_exists($this, 'set_up'))
 		{
@@ -381,4 +383,18 @@ public function __call($method, $args)
 		return parent::__call($method, $args);
 	}
 
+	public function setExpectedException($exception_class, $exception_message = '', $exception_code = null)
+	{
+		$use_expect_exception = method_exists($this, 'expectException');
+
+		if ($use_expect_exception)
+		{
+			$this->expectException($exception_class);
+			$exception_message !== '' && $this->expectExceptionMessage($exception_message);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			parent::setExpectedException($exception_class, $exception_message, $exception_code);
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/tests/mocks/database/ci_test.sqlite b/tests/mocks/database/ci_test.sqlite
deleted file mode 100755
index 574d3ae53bc..00000000000
Binary files a/tests/mocks/database/ci_test.sqlite and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/tests/mocks/database/config/mysql.php b/tests/mocks/database/config/mysql.php
index a590b9f5349..ca30cb9ca72 100644
--- a/tests/mocks/database/config/mysql.php
+++ b/tests/mocks/database/config/mysql.php
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 	// Typical Database configuration
 	'mysql' => array(
 		'dsn' => '',
-		'hostname' => 'localhost',
+		'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',
 		'username' => 'travis',
-		'password' => '',
+		'password' => 'travis',
 		'database' => 'ci_test',
 		'dbdriver' => 'mysql'
 	),
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 	// Database configuration with failover
 	'mysql_failover' => array(
 		'dsn' => '',
-		'hostname' => 'localhost',
+		'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',
 		'username' => 'not_travis',
 		'password' => 'wrong password',
 		'database' => 'not_ci_test',
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 		'failover' => array(
 			array(
 				'dsn' => '',
-				'hostname' => 'localhost',
+				'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',
 				'username' => 'travis',
-				'password' => '',
+				'password' => 'travis',
 				'database' => 'ci_test',
 				'dbdriver' => 'mysql',
 			)
diff --git a/tests/mocks/database/config/mysqli.php b/tests/mocks/database/config/mysqli.php
index 5dd08abb23d..fd8fec962c1 100644
--- a/tests/mocks/database/config/mysqli.php
+++ b/tests/mocks/database/config/mysqli.php
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 	// Typical Database configuration
 	'mysqli' => array(
 		'dsn' => '',
-		'hostname' => 'localhost',
+		'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',
 		'username' => 'travis',
-		'password' => '',
+		'password' => 'travis',
 		'database' => 'ci_test',
 		'dbdriver' => 'mysqli'
 	),
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 	// Database configuration with failover
 	'mysqli_failover' => array(
 		'dsn' => '',
-		'hostname' => 'localhost',
+		'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',
 		'username' => 'not_travis',
 		'password' => 'wrong password',
 		'database' => 'not_ci_test',
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 		'failover' => array(
 			array(
 				'dsn' => '',
-				'hostname' => 'localhost',
+				'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',
 				'username' => 'travis',
-				'password' => '',
+				'password' => 'travis',
 				'database' => 'ci_test',
 				'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
 			)
diff --git a/tests/mocks/database/config/pdo/mysql.php b/tests/mocks/database/config/pdo/mysql.php
index 96608f78754..89e9fb13015 100644
--- a/tests/mocks/database/config/pdo/mysql.php
+++ b/tests/mocks/database/config/pdo/mysql.php
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 
 	// Typical Database configuration
 	'pdo/mysql' => array(
-		'dsn' => 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=ci_test',
-		'hostname' => 'localhost',
+		'dsn' => 'mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=ci_test',
+		'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',
 		'username' => 'travis',
-		'password' => '',
+		'password' => 'travis',
 		'database' => 'ci_test',
 		'dbdriver' => 'pdo',
 		'subdriver' => 'mysql'
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	// Database configuration with failover
 	'pdo/mysql_failover' => array(
 		'dsn' => '',
-		'hostname' => 'localhost',
+		'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',
 		'username' => 'not_travis',
 		'password' => 'wrong password',
 		'database' => 'not_ci_test',
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@
 		'subdriver' => 'mysql',
 		'failover' => array(
 			array(
-				'dsn' => 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=ci_test',
-				'hostname' => 'localhost',
+				'dsn' => 'mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=ci_test',
+				'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',
 				'username' => 'travis',
-				'password' => '',
+				'password' => 'travis',
 				'database' => 'ci_test',
 				'dbdriver' => 'pdo',
 				'subdriver' => 'mysql'
diff --git a/tests/mocks/database/config/pdo/pgsql.php b/tests/mocks/database/config/pdo/pgsql.php
index e55e3ea7747..846c70be90c 100644
--- a/tests/mocks/database/config/pdo/pgsql.php
+++ b/tests/mocks/database/config/pdo/pgsql.php
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 		'dsn' => 'pgsql:host=localhost;port=5432;dbname=ci_test;',
 		'hostname' => 'localhost',
 		'username' => 'postgres',
-		'password' => '',
+		'password' => 'postgres',
 		'database' => 'ci_test',
 		'dbdriver' => 'pdo',
 		'subdriver' => 'pgsql'
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 				'dsn' => 'pgsql:host=localhost;port=5432;dbname=ci_test;',
 				'hostname' => 'localhost',
 				'username' => 'postgres',
-				'password' => '',
+				'password' => 'postgres',
 				'database' => 'ci_test',
 				'dbdriver' => 'pdo',
 				'subdriver' => 'pgsql'
diff --git a/tests/mocks/database/config/pgsql.php b/tests/mocks/database/config/pgsql.php
index 1444b0066b4..ce45837285d 100644
--- a/tests/mocks/database/config/pgsql.php
+++ b/tests/mocks/database/config/pgsql.php
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 		'dsn' => '',
 		'hostname' => 'localhost',
 		'username' => 'postgres',
-		'password' => '',
+		'password' => 'postgres',
 		'database' => 'ci_test',
 		'dbdriver' => 'postgre'
 	),
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 				'dsn' => '',
 				'hostname' => 'localhost',
 				'username' => 'postgres',
-				'password' => '',
+				'password' => 'postgres',
 				'database' => 'ci_test',
 				'dbdriver' => 'postgre',
 			)
diff --git a/tests/mocks/database/schema/skeleton.php b/tests/mocks/database/schema/skeleton.php
index 888236ff36d..e2b6e7d0e6d 100644
--- a/tests/mocks/database/schema/skeleton.php
+++ b/tests/mocks/database/schema/skeleton.php
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public static function create_tables()
 			)
 		));
 		self::$forge->add_key('id', TRUE);
-		self::$forge->create_table('user', TRUE);
+		self::$forge->create_table('user', TRUE) OR show_error('Unable to create the `user` table');
 
 		// Job Table
 		self::$forge->add_field(array(
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public static function create_tables()
 			)
 		));
 		self::$forge->add_key('id', TRUE);
-		self::$forge->create_table('job', TRUE);
+		self::$forge->create_table('job', TRUE) OR show_error('Unable to create the `job` table');
 
 		// Misc Table
 		self::$forge->add_field(array(
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ public static function create_tables()
 			)
 		));
 		self::$forge->add_key('id', TRUE);
-		self::$forge->create_table('misc', TRUE);
+		self::$forge->create_table('misc', TRUE) OR show_error('Unable to create the `misc` table');
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ public static function create_data()
 
 		foreach ($data as $table => $dummy_data)
 		{
-			self::$db->truncate($table);
+			self::$db->truncate($table) OR show_error("Unable to truncate `{$table}` table");
 
 			foreach ($dummy_data as $single_dummy_data)
 			{
-				self::$db->insert($table, $single_dummy_data);
+				self::$db->insert($table, $single_dummy_data) OR show_error("Unable to insert data into `{$table}` table");
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/tests/mocks/libraries/encrypt.php b/tests/mocks/libraries/encrypt.php
deleted file mode 100644
index c14d1e02ffa..00000000000
--- a/tests/mocks/libraries/encrypt.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-class Mock_Libraries_Encrypt extends CI_Encrypt {
-
-	// Override inaccessible protected method
-	public function __call($method, $params)
-	{
-		if (is_callable(array($this, '_'.$method)))
-		{
-			return call_user_func_array(array($this, '_'.$method), $params);
-		}
-
-		throw new BadMethodCallException('Method '.$method.' was not found');
-	}
-
-}
diff --git a/tests/phpunit.xml b/tests/phpunit.xml
index 875198c4e94..a1626ce91ad 100644
--- a/tests/phpunit.xml
+++ b/tests/phpunit.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 	stopOnError="false"
 	stopOnFailure="false"
 	stopOnIncomplete="false"
-	stopOnSkipped="false">
+	stopOnSkipped="false"
+	beStrictAboutTestsThatDoNotTestAnything="false">
 	<testsuites>
 		<testsuite name="CodeIgniter Core Test Suite">
 			<directory suffix="test.php">./codeigniter/core</directory>
diff --git a/tests/travis/mysql.phpunit.xml b/tests/travis/mysql.phpunit.xml
index 06d4a011b9a..15063fd5ada 100644
--- a/tests/travis/mysql.phpunit.xml
+++ b/tests/travis/mysql.phpunit.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 	stopOnError="false"
 	stopOnFailure="false"
 	stopOnIncomplete="false"
-	stopOnSkipped="false">
+	stopOnSkipped="false"
+	beStrictAboutTestsThatDoNotTestAnything="false">
 	<php>
         <const name="DB_DRIVER" value="mysql"/>
     </php>
diff --git a/tests/travis/mysqli.phpunit.xml b/tests/travis/mysqli.phpunit.xml
index 1364f8bfa47..c77aaa303b4 100644
--- a/tests/travis/mysqli.phpunit.xml
+++ b/tests/travis/mysqli.phpunit.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 	stopOnError="false"
 	stopOnFailure="false"
 	stopOnIncomplete="false"
-	stopOnSkipped="false">
+	stopOnSkipped="false"
+	beStrictAboutTestsThatDoNotTestAnything="false">
 	<php>
         <const name="DB_DRIVER" value="mysqli"/>
     </php>
diff --git a/tests/travis/pdo/mysql.phpunit.xml b/tests/travis/pdo/mysql.phpunit.xml
index 7121edc455c..1a9030ddf83 100644
--- a/tests/travis/pdo/mysql.phpunit.xml
+++ b/tests/travis/pdo/mysql.phpunit.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 	stopOnError="false"
 	stopOnFailure="false"
 	stopOnIncomplete="false"
-	stopOnSkipped="false">
+	stopOnSkipped="false"
+	beStrictAboutTestsThatDoNotTestAnything="false">
 	<php>
         <const name="DB_DRIVER" value="pdo/mysql"/>
     </php>
diff --git a/tests/travis/pdo/pgsql.phpunit.xml b/tests/travis/pdo/pgsql.phpunit.xml
index df3ff986e21..22261ee7d10 100644
--- a/tests/travis/pdo/pgsql.phpunit.xml
+++ b/tests/travis/pdo/pgsql.phpunit.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 	stopOnError="false"
 	stopOnFailure="false"
 	stopOnIncomplete="false"
-	stopOnSkipped="false">
+	stopOnSkipped="false"
+	beStrictAboutTestsThatDoNotTestAnything="false">
 	<php>
         <const name="DB_DRIVER" value="pdo/pgsql"/>
     </php>
diff --git a/tests/travis/pdo/sqlite.phpunit.xml b/tests/travis/pdo/sqlite.phpunit.xml
index 7d867f6d15a..4b0ca2fe799 100644
--- a/tests/travis/pdo/sqlite.phpunit.xml
+++ b/tests/travis/pdo/sqlite.phpunit.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 	stopOnError="false"
 	stopOnFailure="false"
 	stopOnIncomplete="false"
-	stopOnSkipped="false">
+	stopOnSkipped="false"
+	beStrictAboutTestsThatDoNotTestAnything="false">
 	<php>
         <const name="DB_DRIVER" value="pdo/sqlite"/>
     </php>
diff --git a/tests/travis/pgsql.phpunit.xml b/tests/travis/pgsql.phpunit.xml
index bfddbf6b58e..8d7979a0f2d 100644
--- a/tests/travis/pgsql.phpunit.xml
+++ b/tests/travis/pgsql.phpunit.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 	stopOnError="false"
 	stopOnFailure="false"
 	stopOnIncomplete="false"
-	stopOnSkipped="false">
+	stopOnSkipped="false"
+	beStrictAboutTestsThatDoNotTestAnything="false">
 	<php>
         <const name="DB_DRIVER" value="pgsql"/>
     </php>
diff --git a/tests/travis/sqlite.phpunit.xml b/tests/travis/sqlite.phpunit.xml
index 75c946aeea9..4eaafc19fdf 100644
--- a/tests/travis/sqlite.phpunit.xml
+++ b/tests/travis/sqlite.phpunit.xml
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-
-<phpunit 
+<phpunit xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 	bootstrap="../Bootstrap.php"
 	colors="true"
 	convertNoticesToExceptions="true"
@@ -8,18 +7,21 @@
 	stopOnError="false"
 	stopOnFailure="false"
 	stopOnIncomplete="false"
-	stopOnSkipped="false">
-	<php>
-        <const name="DB_DRIVER" value="sqlite"/>
-    </php>
-	<testsuites>
-		<testsuite name="CodeIgniter Core Test Suite">
-			<directory suffix="test.php">../codeigniter</directory>
-		</testsuite>
-	</testsuites>
-	<filter>
-        <whitelist addUncoveredFilesFromWhitelist="false">
-            <directory suffix=".php">../../system</directory>
-        </whitelist>
-	</filter>
-</phpunit>
\ No newline at end of file
+	stopOnSkipped="false"
+	beStrictAboutTestsThatDoNotTestAnything="false"
+	xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://schema.phpunit.de/9.3/phpunit.xsd"
+>
+  <coverage includeUncoveredFiles="false">
+    <include>
+      <directory suffix=".php">../../system</directory>
+    </include>
+  </coverage>
+  <php>
+    <const name="DB_DRIVER" value="sqlite"/>
+  </php>
+  <testsuites>
+    <testsuite name="CodeIgniter Core Test Suite">
+      <directory suffix="test.php">../codeigniter</directory>
+    </testsuite>
+  </testsuites>
+</phpunit>
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/_themes/sphinx_rtd_theme/layout.html b/user_guide_src/source/_themes/sphinx_rtd_theme/layout.html
index 908590ebfb5..cc30e5ba4ac 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/_themes/sphinx_rtd_theme/layout.html
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/_themes/sphinx_rtd_theme/layout.html
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@
   {%- endblock %}
   {%- block extrahead %} {% endblock %}
 
-  {# Keep modernizr in head - https://modernizr.com/docs/#installing #}
-  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
+  {# Keep modernizr in head - http://modernizr.com/docs/#installing #}
+  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js" integrity="sha384-vEQs6vKzb8v6+GpGDCnXUQ6aa2DYtn5LTi/tA/85iEZfXN0nAYj0shvYo8ldQQ7m" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
 
 </head>
 
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst b/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
index 4e173469407..463351993ad 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ Release Date: Not Released
 
 -  Core
 
+   -  Added a ``$config['log_file']`` option.
+   -  Removed ``$config['log_file_extension']``.
    -  Removed ``$config['rewrite_short_tags']`` (irrelevant on PHP 5.4+).
    -  Removed previously deprecated ``$config['global_xss_filtering']``.
    -  Removed previously deprecated :doc:`Routing Class <general/routing>` methods ``fetch_directory()``, ``fetch_class()`` and ``fetch_method()`` (use the respective class properties instead).
@@ -35,8 +37,10 @@ Release Date: Not Released
 
 -  Libraries
 
+   -  Removed previously deprecated *Encrypt Library*.
    -  Removed previously deprecated *Cart Library*.
    -  Removed previously deprecated *Javascript Library* (it was always experimental in the first place).
+   -  Removed previously deprecated ``anchor_class`` option from :doc:`Pagination Library <libraries/pagination>`.
    -  Added TLS and UNIX socket connection support to :doc:`Session Library <libraries/sessions>` 'redis' driver.
    -  Updated :doc:`ZIP Library <libraries/zip>` method ``read_dir()`` to include hidden (dot-prefixed) files.
 
@@ -53,6 +57,7 @@ Release Date: Not Released
    -  :doc:`Form Validation Library <libraries/form_validation>` changes include:
 
       - Removed previously deprecated method ``prep_for_form()`` / rule *prep_for_form*.
+      - Removed previously deprecated ability to use language translations without the ``'form_validation_'`` prefix.
       - Changed method ``set_rules()`` to throw a ``BadMethodCallException`` when its first parameter is not an array and the ``$rules`` one is unused.
       - Added rule **valid_mac**, which replicates PHP's native ``filter_var()`` with ``FILTER_VALIDATE_MAC``.
       - Added ability to validate entire arrays at once, if ``is_array`` is within the list of rules.
@@ -76,6 +81,8 @@ Release Date: Not Released
 
 -  :doc:`Database <database/index>` changes include:
 
+   -  Removed the option to disable the :doc:`Query Builder <database/query_builder>`.
+   -  Removed driver-specific ``$curs_id`` property and ``get_cursor()``, ``stored_procedure()`` methods from OCI8 driver.
    -  Removed previously deprecated 'sqlite' driver (used for SQLite version 2; no longer shipped with PHP 5.4+).
    -  Removed method ``db_set_charset()`` and the ability to change a connection character set at runtime.
    -  Changed method ``initialize()`` to return void and instead throw a ``RuntimeException`` in case of failure.
@@ -84,6 +91,7 @@ Release Date: Not Released
    -  :doc:`Database Forge <database/forge>`:
 
       - Added support for declaring date/time type fields default values as ``CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`` and similar.
+      - Removed previously deprecated ``$_after`` parameter for ``add_column()``.
 
    -  :doc:`Query Builder <database/query_builder>`:
 
@@ -97,8 +105,10 @@ Release Date: Not Released
    -  Removed previously deprecated *Email Helper* (had only two functions, aliases for PHP's native ``filter_var()`` and ``mail()``).
    -  Removed previously deprecated *Smiley Helper*.
    -  Removed previously deprecated :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` function ``standard_date()`` (use PHP's native ``date()`` instead).
+   -  Removed previously deprecated :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` function ``nice_date()`` (use PHP's native ``DateTime::format()`` instead).
    -  Removed previously deprecated :doc:`Security Helper <helpers/security_helper>` function ``do_hash()`` (use PHP's native ``hash()`` instead).
    -  Removed previously deprecated :doc:`File Helper <helpers/file_helper>` function ``read_file()`` (use PHP's native ``file_get_contents()`` instead).
+   -  Removed previously deprecated options ``'dash'`` and ``'underscore'`` from :doc:`URL Helper <helpers/url_helper>` function :php:func:`url_title()`.
    -  Added new function :php:func:`ordinal_format()` to :doc:`Inflector Helper <helpers/inflector_helper>`.
 
    -  :doc:`Download Helper <helpers/download_helper>` changes include:
@@ -111,6 +121,7 @@ Release Date: Not Released
 
       - Removed previously deprecated function ``trim_slashes()`` (use PHP's native ``trim()`` with ``'/'`` instead).
       - Removed previously deprecated function ``repeater()`` (use PHP's native ``str_repeat()`` instead).
+      - Removed previously deprecated ``'unique'`` and ``'encrypt'`` options from ``random_string()``.
 
    -  :doc:`HTML Helper <helpers/html_helper>` changes include:
 
@@ -130,11 +141,32 @@ Release Date: Not Released
       - Added 'img_class' option.
       - Added ability to generate ``data:image/png;base64`` URIs instead of writing image files to disk.
       - Updated to always create PNG images instead of JPEG.
+      - Removed previously deprecated usage with ``$img_path``, ``$img_url``, ``$font_path`` as extra parameters instead of array options.
+
+Bug fixes for 3.2.0
+===================
+
+-  Fixed a bug (#5562) - :doc:`Cache Library <libraries/caching>` 'redis' driver would pointlessly attempt to perform its functions if a connection to the Redis server failed.
+-  Fixed a bug (#92) - :doc:`File Helper <helpers/file_helper>` function :php:func:`get_dir_file_info()` output could have colliding array keys.
+
+Version 3.1.13
+==============
+
+Release Date: Mar 3, 2022
+
+Bug fixes for 3.1.13
+====================
+
+-  Fixed a bug (#6107) - :doc:`Session Library <libraries/sessions>` broke for PHP 5 due to a misnamed polyfill interface.
 
 Version 3.1.12
 ==============
 
-Release Date: Not Released
+Release Date: Mar 3, 2022
+
+- **Security**
+
+   -  Fixed a possible session fixation vulnerability where ``session.use_strict_mode`` wasn't enforced on PHP 7+.
 
 -  General Changes
 
@@ -144,6 +176,11 @@ Release Date: Not Released
    -  Added support for detecting WebP image type to :doc:`File Uploading Library <libraries/file_uploading>`.
    -  Added method :doc:`Database Library <database/index>` method ``trans_active()`` to expose transaction state.
    -  Updated :doc:`Database Library <database/index>` 'pdo' driver to attempt to free resources in order to allow connections to be closed.
+   -  Added ``SameSite=Strict`` attribute to the CSRF cookie sent by the :doc:`Security Class <libraries/security>`.
+   -  Added ``$config['cookie_samesite']`` option and ``$samesite`` parameter to :doc:`Input Library <libraries/input>` method ``set_cookie()``.
+   -  Added ``SameSite`` support through ``$config['sess_samesite']`` option to the :doc:`Session Library <libraries/sessions>`.
+   -  Added a wrapper class around :doc:`Session <libraries/sessions>` drivers to deal with compatibility between PHP 8.1 and older versions.
+   -  Updated a lot of code for PHP 8.0 and 8.1 compatibility.
 
 Bug fixes for 3.1.12
 ====================
@@ -157,7 +194,8 @@ Bug fixes for 3.1.12
 -  Fixed a bug (#5906) - :doc:`Database Library <database/index>` 'postgre' driver couldn't use the failover feature without a ``$config['dsn']``.
 -  Fixed a bug (#5903) - :doc:`common function <general/common_functions>` :php:func:`set_status_header()` didn't recognize 'HTTP/2.0' as a valid ``$_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']``.
 -  Fixed a bug (#6013) - :doc:`Session <libraries/sessions>` flashdata didn't work on PHP 8.
--  Fixed a bug (#6006) - ``is_callable()`` change in PHP 8 broke :doc:`Migrations <libraries/migrations>`, a part of :doc:`XML-RPC <libraries/xmlrpc>` and an edge case in 404 detection logic.
+-  Fixed a bug (#6006) - ``is_callable()`` change in PHP 8 broke :doc:`Migrations <libraries/migration>`, a part of :doc:`XML-RPC <libraries/xmlrpc>` and an edge case in 404 detection logic.
+-  Fixed a bug (#5729) - :doc:`Query Builder <database/query_builder>` possibly not detecting ``NOT BETWEEN`` expression.
 
 Version 3.1.11
 ==============
@@ -347,10 +385,10 @@ Release Date: Mar 20, 2017
 -  **Security**
 
    -  Fixed a header injection vulnerability in :doc:`common function <general/common_functions>` :php:func:`set_status_header()` under Apache (thanks to Guillermo Caminer from `Flowgate <https://flowgate.net/>`_).
-   -  Fixed byte-safety issues in :doc:`Encrypt Library <libraries/encrypt>` (DEPRECATED) when ``mbstring.func_overload`` is enabled.
+   -  Fixed byte-safety issues in **Encrypt Library** (DEPRECATED) when ``mbstring.func_overload`` is enabled.
    -  Fixed byte-safety issues in :doc:`Encryption Library <libraries/encryption>` when ``mbstring.func_overload`` is enabled.
    -  Fixed byte-safety issues in :doc:`compatibility functions <general/compatibility_functions>` ``password_hash()``, ``hash_pbkdf2()`` when ``mbstring.func_overload`` is enabled.
-   -  Updated :doc:`Encrypt Library <libraries/encrypt>` (DEPRECATED) to call ``mcrypt_create_iv()`` with ``MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM``.
+   -  Updated **Encrypt Library** (DEPRECATED) to call ``mcrypt_create_iv()`` with ``MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM``.
 
 -  General Changes
 
@@ -393,7 +431,7 @@ Release Date: Jan 09, 2017
 
    -  Deprecated ``$config['allow_get_array']``.
    -  Deprecated ``$config['standardize_newlines']``.
-   -  Deprecated :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` function :php:func:`nice_date()`.
+   -  Deprecated :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` function ``nice_date()``.
 
 Bug fixes for 3.1.3
 -------------------
@@ -405,7 +443,7 @@ Bug fixes for 3.1.3
 -  Fixed a bug (#4902) - :doc:`Image Manipulation Library <libraries/image_lib>` processing via ImageMagick didn't work.
 -  Fixed a bug (#4905) - :doc:`Loader Library <libraries/loader>` didn't take into account possible user-provided directory paths when loading helpers.
 -  Fixed a bug (#4916) - :doc:`Session Library <libraries/sessions>` with ``sess_match_ip`` enabled was unusable for IPv6 clients when using the 'database' driver on MySQL 5.7.5+.
--  Fixed a bug (#4917) - :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` function :php:func:`nice_date()` didn't handle YYYYMMDD inputs properly.
+-  Fixed a bug (#4917) - :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` function ``nice_date()`` didn't handle YYYYMMDD inputs properly.
 -  Fixed a bug (#4923) - :doc:`Session Library <libraries/sessions>` could execute an erroneous SQL query with the 'database' driver, if the lock attempt times out.
 -  Fixed a bug (#4927) - :doc:`Output Library <libraries/output>` method ``get_header()`` returned the first matching header, regardless of whether it would be replaced by a second ``set_header()`` call.
 -  Fixed a bug (#4844) - :doc:`Email Library <libraries/email>` didn't apply ``escapeshellarg()`` to the while passing the Sendmail ``-f`` parameter through ``popen()``.
@@ -1058,9 +1096,9 @@ Release Date: March 30, 2015
 
 -  Libraries
 
-   -  Added a new :doc:`Encryption Library <libraries/encryption>` to replace the old, largely insecure :doc:`Encrypt Library <libraries/encrypt>`.
+   -  Added a new :doc:`Encryption Library <libraries/encryption>` to replace the old, largely insecure **Encrypt Library**.
 
-   -  :doc:`Encrypt Library <libraries/encrypt>` changes include:
+   -  **Encrypt Library** changes include:
 
       -  Deprecated the library in favor of the new :doc:`Encryption Library <libraries/encryption>`.
       -  Added support for hashing algorithms other than SHA1 and MD5.
@@ -1441,12 +1479,12 @@ Bug fixes for 3.0
 -  Fixed a bug (#1264) - :doc:`Database Forge <database/forge>` and :doc:`Database Utilities <database/utilities>` didn't update/reset the databases and tables list cache when a table or a database is created, dropped or renamed.
 -  Fixed a bug (#7) - :doc:`Query Builder <database/query_builder>` method ``join()`` only escaped one set of conditions.
 -  Fixed a bug (#1321) - ``CI_Exceptions`` couldn't find the *errors/* directory in some cases.
--  Fixed a bug (#1202) - :doc:`Encrypt Library <libraries/encrypt>` ``encode_from_legacy()`` didn't set back the encrypt mode on failure.
+-  Fixed a bug (#1202) - **Encrypt Library** ``encode_from_legacy()`` didn't set back the encrypt mode on failure.
 -  Fixed a bug (#145) - :doc:`Database Class <database/index>` method ``compile_binds()`` failed when the bind marker was present in a literal string within the query.
 -  Fixed a bug in :doc:`Query Builder <database/query_builder>` method ``protect_identifiers()`` where if passed along with the field names, operators got escaped as well.
 -  Fixed a bug (#10) - :doc:`URI Library <libraries/uri>` internal method ``_detect_uri()`` failed with paths containing a colon.
 -  Fixed a bug (#1387) - :doc:`Query Builder <database/query_builder>` method ``from()`` didn't escape table aliases.
--  Fixed a bug (#520) - :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` function :php:func:``nice_date()`` failed when the optional second parameter is not passed.
+-  Fixed a bug (#520) - :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` function ``nice_date()`` failed when the optional second parameter is not passed.
 -  Fixed a bug (#318) - :doc:`Profiling Library <general/profiling>` setting *query_toggle_count* was not settable as described in the manual.
 -  Fixed a bug (#938) - :doc:`Config Library <libraries/config>` method ``site_url()`` added a question mark to the URL string when query strings are enabled even if it already existed.
 -  Fixed a bug (#999) - :doc:`Config Library <libraries/config>` method ``site_url()`` always appended ``$config['url_suffix']`` to the end of the URL string, regardless of whether a query string exists in it.
@@ -1611,7 +1649,7 @@ Release Date: June 2, 2014
 
 -  General Changes
 
-   - Security: :doc:`Encrypt Library <libraries/encrypt>` method ``xor_encode()`` has been removed. The Encrypt Class now requires the Mcrypt extension to be installed.
+   - Security: **Encrypt Library** method ``xor_encode()`` has been removed. The Encrypt Class now requires the Mcrypt extension to be installed.
    - Security: The :doc:`Session Library <libraries/sessions>` now uses HMAC authentication instead of a simple MD5 checksum.
 
 Bug fixes for 2.2.0
@@ -2220,7 +2258,7 @@ Hg Tag: v2.0.0
    -  Documented append_output() in the :doc:`Output
       Class <libraries/output>`.
    -  Documented a second argument in the decode() function for the
-      :doc:`Encrypt Class <libraries/encrypt>`.
+      **Encrypt Class**.
    -  Documented db->close().
    -  Updated the router to support a default route with any number of
       segments.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/conf.py b/user_guide_src/source/conf.py
index 9be656d8e78..ef06d92917a 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/conf.py
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/conf.py
@@ -41,16 +41,16 @@
 
 # General information about the project.
 project = u'CodeIgniter'
-copyright = u'2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology'
+copyright = u'2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation'
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
-version = '3.2.0-dev'
+version = '3.1.14-dev'
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-release = '3.2.0-dev'
+release = '3.1.14-dev'
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst
index a9bf7dcb6eb..a783c2ad674 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst
@@ -132,23 +132,6 @@ variable located in the config file::
 	default we've used the word "default" for the primary connection,
 	but it too can be renamed to something more relevant to your project.
 
-Query Builder
--------------
-
-The :doc:`Query Builder Class <query_builder>` is globally enabled or
-disabled by setting the $query_builder variable in the database
-configuration file to TRUE/FALSE (boolean). The default setting is TRUE.
-If you are not using the
-query builder class, setting it to FALSE will utilize fewer resources
-when the database classes are initialized.
-
-::
-
-	$query_builder = TRUE;
-
-.. note:: that some CodeIgniter classes such as Sessions require Query
-	Builder to be enabled to access certain functionality.
-
 Explanation of Values:
 ----------------------
 
@@ -156,7 +139,7 @@ Explanation of Values:
  Name Config             Description
 ======================  ===========================================================================================================
 **dsn**			The DSN connect string (an all-in-one configuration sequence).
-**hostname** 		The hostname of your database server. Often this is 'localhost'.
+**hostname**		The hostname of your database server. Often this is 'localhost'.
 **username**		The username used to connect to the database.
 **password**		The password used to connect to the database.
 **database**		The name of the database you want to connect to.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/forge.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/forge.rst
index c6cacb1b0f7..1562a1a2d4d 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/forge.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/database/forge.rst
@@ -322,11 +322,10 @@ Class Reference
 
 .. php:class:: CI_DB_forge
 
-	.. php:method:: add_column($table[, $field = array()[, $_after = NULL]])
+	.. php:method:: add_column($table[, $field = array()])
 
 		:param	string	$table: Table name to add the column to
 		:param	array	$field: Column definition(s)
-		:param	string	$_after: Column for AFTER clause (deprecated)
 		:returns:	TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
 		:rtype:	bool
 
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/captcha_helper.rst b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/captcha_helper.rst
index a1c13c5c8b2..f8d97596ac8 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/captcha_helper.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/captcha_helper.rst
@@ -129,12 +129,9 @@ Available Functions
 
 The following functions are available:
 
-.. php:function:: create_captcha([$data = ''[, $img_path = ''[, $img_url = ''[, $font_path = '']]]])
+.. php:function:: create_captcha($data)
 
 	:param	array	$data: Array of data for the CAPTCHA
-	:param	string	$img_path: Path to create the image in (DEPRECATED)
-	:param	string	$img_url: URL to the CAPTCHA image folder (DEPRECATED)
-	:param	string	$font_path: Server path to font (DEPRECATED)
 	:returns:	array('word' => $word, 'time' => $now, 'image' => $img)
 	:rtype:	array
 
@@ -159,7 +156,3 @@ The following functions are available:
 
 	The **word** is the word that appears in the captcha image, which if not
 	supplied to the function, will be a random string.
-
-	.. note:: Usage of the ``$img_path``, ``$img_url`` and ``$font_path``
-		parameters is DEPRECATED. Provide them in the ``$data`` array
-		instead.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/cookie_helper.rst b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/cookie_helper.rst
index 25c4c3a0bfc..741b297d67c 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/cookie_helper.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/cookie_helper.rst
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Available Functions
 The following functions are available:
 
 
-.. php:function:: set_cookie($name[, $value = ''[, $expire = 0[, $domain = ''[, $path = '/'[, $prefix = ''[, $secure = NULL[, $httponly = NULL]]]]]]])
+.. php:function:: set_cookie($name[, $value = ''[, $expire = 0[, $domain = ''[, $path = '/'[, $prefix = ''[, $secure = NULL[, $httponly = NULL[, $samesite = NULL]]]]]]]])
 
 	:param	mixed	$name: Cookie name *or* associative array of all of the parameters available to this function
 	:param	string	$value: Cookie value
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ The following functions are available:
 	:param	string	$prefix: Cookie name prefix
 	:param	bool	$secure: Whether to only send the cookie through HTTPS
 	:param	bool	$httponly: Whether to hide the cookie from JavaScript
+	:param	string	$samesite: SameSite attribute ('Lax', 'Strict', 'None')
 	:rtype:	void
 
 	This helper function gives you friendlier syntax to set browser
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/date_helper.rst b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/date_helper.rst
index c63a9d291be..1f6b93cda11 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/date_helper.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/date_helper.rst
@@ -157,33 +157,6 @@ The following functions are available:
 		$human = unix_to_human($now);
 		$unix = human_to_unix($human);
 
-.. php:function:: nice_date([$bad_date = ''[, $format = FALSE]])
-
-	:param	int	$bad_date: The terribly formatted date-like string
-	:param	string	$format: Date format to return (same as PHP's ``date()`` function)
-	:returns:	Formatted date
-	:rtype:	string
-
-	This function can take a number poorly-formed date formats and convert
-	them into something useful. It also accepts well-formed dates.
-
-	The function will return a UNIX timestamp by default. You can, optionally,
-	pass a format string (the same type as the PHP ``date()`` function accepts)
-	as the second parameter.
-
-	Example::
-
-		$bad_date = '199605';
-		// Should Produce: 1996-05-01
-		$better_date = nice_date($bad_date, 'Y-m-d');
-
-		$bad_date = '9-11-2001';
-		// Should Produce: 2001-09-11
-		$better_date = nice_date($bad_date, 'Y-m-d');
-
-	.. note:: This function is DEPRECATED. Use PHP's native `DateTime class
-		<https://secure.php.net/datetime>`_ instead.
-
 .. php:function:: timespan([$seconds = 1[, $time = ''[, $units = '']]])
 
 	:param	int	$seconds: Number of seconds
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/string_helper.rst b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/string_helper.rst
index 4663bb08b29..d32ff54a3c5 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/string_helper.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/string_helper.rst
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ The following functions are available:
 	:rtype:	string
 
 	Generates a random string based on the type and length you specify.
-	Useful for creating passwords or generating random hashes.
 
 	The first parameter specifies the type of string, the second parameter
 	specifies the length. The following choices are available:
@@ -52,8 +51,9 @@ The following functions are available:
 
 		echo random_string('alnum', 16);
 
-	.. note:: Usage of the *unique* and *encrypt* types is DEPRECATED. They
-		are just aliases for *md5* and *sha1* respectively.
+	.. note:: Usage of this function is NOT suitable for password generation
+		or other security-sensitive purposes. Please use
+		`random_bytes() <https://secure.php.net/random_bytes>`_ instead.
 
 .. php:function:: increment_string($str[, $separator = '_'[, $first = 1]])
 
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/url_helper.rst b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/url_helper.rst
index adeab8c5870..037e613ea3d 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/url_helper.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/url_helper.rst
@@ -298,9 +298,6 @@ The following functions are available:
 		$url_title = url_title($title, 'underscore');
 		// Produces: Whats_wrong_with_CSS
 
-	.. note:: Old usage of 'dash' and 'underscore' as the second parameter
-		is DEPRECATED.
-
 	The third parameter determines whether or not lowercase characters are
 	forced. By default they are not. Options are boolean TRUE/FALSE.
 
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/index.rst b/user_guide_src/source/index.rst
index 615c27f3c5d..f5ca417a6f3 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/index.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/index.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-######################
-CodeIgniter User Guide
-######################
+########################
+CodeIgniter 3 User Guide
+########################
 
 - :doc:`License Agreement <license>`
 - :doc:`Change Log <changelog>`
@@ -9,6 +9,16 @@ CodeIgniter User Guide
    :local:
    :depth: 2
 
+*************
+CodeIgniter 3
+*************
+
+CodeIgniter 3 is the legacy version of the framework, intended for use with PHP
+5.6+. This version is in maintenance, receiving mostly just security updates.
+
+`CodeIgniter 4 <https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/>`_ is the latest version of
+the framework.
+
 *******
 Welcome
 *******
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/downloads.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/downloads.rst
index de9a22a580b..253da043739 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/installation/downloads.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/downloads.rst
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ Downloading CodeIgniter
 #######################
 
 -  `CodeIgniter v3.2.0-dev (Current version) <https://codeload.github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/zip/develop>`_
--  `CodeIgniter v3.1.12-dev  <https://codeload.github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/zip/3.1-stable>`_
+-  `CodeIgniter v3.1.14 <https://codeload.github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/zip/3.1.14>`_
+-  `CodeIgniter v3.1.13 <https://codeload.github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/zip/3.1.13>`_
+-  `CodeIgniter v3.1.12 <https://codeload.github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/zip/3.1.12>`_
 -  `CodeIgniter v3.1.11 <https://codeload.github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/zip/3.1.11>`_
 -  `CodeIgniter v3.1.10 <https://codeload.github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/zip/3.1.10>`_
 -  `CodeIgniter v3.1.9 <https://codeload.github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/zip/3.1.9>`_
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_200.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_200.rst
index 03b8ff4aca0..96256b13a22 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_200.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_200.rst
@@ -64,9 +64,7 @@ string using the improved methods. This will enable you to easily
 replace stale encrypted data with fresh in your applications, either on
 the fly or en masse.
 
-Please read :doc:`how to use this
-method <../libraries/encrypt>` in the Encrypt library
-documentation.
+Please read how to use this in the Encrypt library documentation.
 
 Step 5: Remove loading calls for the compatibility helper.
 ==========================================================
@@ -145,4 +143,4 @@ The following files have been changed:
 The following files have been added:
 
 - foreign_chars.php
-- profiler.php
\ No newline at end of file
+- profiler.php
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_220.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_220.rst
index 489dd631269..c87148ca1c2 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_220.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_220.rst
@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@
 Upgrading from 2.1.4 to 2.2.x
 #############################
 
-.. note:: The :doc:`Encrypt Class </libraries/encrypt>` now requires the
-	Mcrypt extension. If you were previously using the Encrypt Class
-	without Mcrypt, then this is a breaking change.  You must install
-	the Mcrypt extension in order to upgrade. For information on
-	installing Mcrypt please see the PHP `documentation
-	<https://secure.php.net/manual/en/mcrypt.setup.php>`.
+.. note:: The **Encrypt Class** now requires the Mcrypt extension. If you
+	were previously using the Encrypt Class without Mcrypt, then this
+	is a breaking change.  You must install the Mcrypt extension in
+	order to upgrade. For information on installing Mcrypt please see
+	the PHP `documentation <https://secure.php.net/manual/en/mcrypt.setup.php>`.
 
 Before performing an update you should take your site offline by
 replacing the index.php file with a static one.
@@ -18,4 +17,4 @@ Step 1: Update your CodeIgniter files
 Replace all files and directories in your "system" folder.
 
 .. note:: If you have any custom developed files in these folders please
-	make copies of them first.
\ No newline at end of file
+	make copies of them first.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_300.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_300.rst
index 18814484488..03a7b579cfa 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_300.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_300.rst
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ The SHA1 library
 The previously deprecated SHA1 library has been removed, alter your code to use PHP's native
 ``sha1()`` function to generate a SHA1 hash.
 
-Additionally, the ``sha1()`` method in the :doc:`Encrypt Library <../libraries/encrypt>` has been removed.
+Additionally, the ``sha1()`` method in the **Encrypt Library** has been removed.
 
 The EXT constant
 ================
@@ -541,17 +541,16 @@ Also, the previously deprecated ``js_insert_smiley()`` (since version 1.7.2) is
 The Encrypt library
 ===================
 
-Following numerous vulnerability reports, the :doc:`Encrypt Library <../libraries/encrypt>` has
-been deprecated and a new, :doc:`Encryption Library <../libraries/encryption>` is added to take
-its place.
+Following numerous vulnerability reports, the **Encrypt Library** has been deprecated and a
+new, :doc:`Encryption Library <../libraries/encryption>` is added to take its place.
 
 The new library requires either the `MCrypt extension <https://secure.php.net/mcrypt>`_ (and /dev/urandom
 availability) or PHP 5.3.3 and the `OpenSSL extension <https://secure.php.net/openssl>`_.
 While this might be rather inconvenient, it is a requirement that allows us to have properly
 implemented cryptographic functions.
 
-.. note:: The :doc:`Encrypt Library <../libraries/encrypt>` is still available for the purpose
-	of keeping backwards compatibility.
+.. note:: The **Encrypt Library** is still available for the purpose of keeping
+	backwards compatibility.
 
 .. important:: You are strongly encouraged to switch to the new :doc:`Encryption Library
 	<../libraries/encryption>` as soon as possible!
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_3113.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_3113.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9de342fe683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_3113.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+##############################
+Upgrading from 3.1.12 to 3.1.13
+##############################
+
+Before performing an update you should take your site offline by
+replacing the index.php file with a static one.
+
+Step 1: Update your CodeIgniter files
+=====================================
+
+Replace all files and directories in your *system/* directory.
+
+.. note:: If you have any custom developed files in these directories,
+	please make copies of them first.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_3114.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_3114.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..295dba112c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_3114.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+##############################
+Upgrading from 3.1.13 to 3.1.14
+##############################
+
+Before performing an update you should take your site offline by
+replacing the index.php file with a static one.
+
+Step 1: Update your CodeIgniter files
+=====================================
+
+Replace all files and directories in your *system/* directory.
+
+.. note:: If you have any custom developed files in these directories,
+	please make copies of them first.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_320.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_320.rst
index 3eadd8cafbf..6308fa7fa47 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_320.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_320.rst
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ CodeIgniter versions that have been removed in 3.2.0:
 - ``CI_Form_validation::prep_for_form()`` (the *prep_for_form* rule)
 
 - ``standard_date()`` :doc:`Date Helper <../helpers/date_helper>` function (use ``date()`` instead)
+- ``nice_date()`` :doc:`Date Helper <../helpers/date_helper>` function (use ``DateTime::format()`` instead)
 - ``do_hash()`` :doc:`Security Helper <../helpers/security_helper>` function (use ``hash()`` instead)
 - ``br()`` :doc:`HTML Helper <../helpers/html_helper>` function (use ``str_repeat()`` with ``'<br />'`` instead)
 - ``nbs()`` :doc:`HTML Helper <../helpers/html_helper>` function (use ``str_repeat()`` with ``'&nbsp;'`` instead)
@@ -221,6 +222,7 @@ CodeIgniter versions that have been removed in 3.2.0:
 - ``read_file()`` :doc:`File Helper <../helpers/file_helper>` function (use ``file_get_contents()`` instead)
 - ``form_prep()`` :doc:`Form Helper <../helpers/form_helper>` function (use :php:func:`html_escape()` instead)
 
+- The entire *Encrypt Library* (the newer :doc:`Encryption Library <../libraries/encryption>` is still available)
 - The entire *Cart Library* (an archived version is available on GitHub: `bcit-ci/ci3-cart-library <https://github.com/bcit-ci/ci3-cart-library>`_)
 - The entire *Javascript Library* (it was always experimental in the first place)
 
@@ -231,6 +233,13 @@ CodeIgniter versions that have been removed in 3.2.0:
 
 - The entire *Smiley Helper* (an archived version is available on GitHub: `bcit-ci/ci3-smiley-helper <https://github.com/bcit-ci/ci3-smiley-helper>`_)
 
+- The ``$_after`` parameter from :doc:`Database Forge <../database/forge>` method ``add_column()``.
+- The ``anchor_class`` option from :doc:`Pagination Library <../libraries/pagination>` (use ``class`` instead).
+- The ``unique`` and ``encrypt`` options from :doc:`String Helper <../helpers/string_helper>` function ``random_string()``.
+- The ``underscore`` and ``dash`` options from :doc:`URL Helper <../helpers/url_helper>`` function :php:func:`url_title()`.
+- The ``$img_path``, ``$img_url`` and ``$font_path`` parameters from
+  :doc:`CAPCHA Helper <../helpers/captcha_helper>` function :php:func:`create_captcha()` (pass as array options instead).
+
 Step 11: Make sure you're validating all user inputs
 ====================================================
 
@@ -257,3 +266,25 @@ so that if you're using the :doc:`Web Page Caching <../general/caching>`
 feature, you'll be left with some old, garbage cache files.
 
 That shouldn't be a problem, but you may want to clear them.
+
+Step 13: Remove usage of OCI8 get_cursor() and stored_procedure() methods
+=========================================================================
+
+The OCI8 :doc:`Database <database/index>` driver no longer has these two
+methods that were specific to it and not present in other database drivers.
+The ``$curs_id`` property is also removed.
+
+If you were using those, you can create your own cursors via ``oci_new_cursor()``
+and the publicly accessible ``$conn_id``.
+
+Stop 14: Replace $config['log_file_extension'] with $config['log_filename'] in application/config/config.php
+============================================================================================================
+
+You can now specify the full log filename via ``$config['log_filename']``.
+Add this configuration option to your **application/config/config.php**,
+if you haven't copied the new one over.
+
+The previously existing ``$config['log_file_extension']`` option has been
+removed and no longer works. However, its functionality is essentially
+integrated into the new ``$config['log_filename']``, since it includes the
+filename extension in itself.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrading.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrading.rst
index 789c9b32e5c..6924dde485d 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrading.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrading.rst
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ upgrading from.
 .. toctree::
 	:titlesonly:
 
-	Upgrading from 3.1.10+ to 3.2.x <upgrade_320>
+	Upgrading from 3.1.12+ to 3.2.x <upgrade_320>
+	Upgrading from 3.1.13 to 3.1.14 <upgrade_3114>
+	Upgrading from 3.1.12 to 3.1.13 <upgrade_3113>
 	Upgrading from 3.1.11 to 3.1.12 <upgrade_3112>
 	Upgrading from 3.1.10 to 3.1.11 <upgrade_3111>
 	Upgrading from 3.1.9 to 3.1.10 <upgrade_3110>
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/encrypt.rst b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/encrypt.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 10893b9012c..00000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/encrypt.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
-#############
-Encrypt Class
-#############
-
-The Encrypt Class provides two-way data encryption. It encrypted using
-the Mcrypt PHP extension, which is required for the Encrypt Class to run.
-
-.. important:: This library has been DEPRECATED and is only kept for
-	backwards compatibility. Please use the new :doc:`Encryption Library
-	<encryption>`.
-
-.. contents::
-  :local:
-
-.. raw:: html
-
-  <div class="custom-index container"></div>
-
-*************************
-Using the Encrypt Library
-*************************
-
-Setting your Key
-================
-
-A *key* is a piece of information that controls the cryptographic
-process and permits an encrypted string to be decoded. In fact, the key
-you chose will provide the **only** means to decode data that was
-encrypted with that key, so not only must you choose the key carefully,
-you must never change it if you intend use it for persistent data.
-
-It goes without saying that you should guard your key carefully. Should
-someone gain access to your key, the data will be easily decoded. If
-your server is not totally under your control it's impossible to ensure
-key security so you may want to think carefully before using it for
-anything that requires high security, like storing credit card numbers.
-
-To take maximum advantage of the encryption algorithm, your key should
-be 32 characters in length (256 bits). The key should be as random a
-string as you can concoct, with numbers and uppercase and lowercase
-letters. Your key should **not** be a simple text string. In order to be
-cryptographically secure it needs to be as random as possible.
-
-Your key can be either stored in your **application/config/config.php**, or
-you can design your own storage mechanism and pass the key dynamically
-when encoding/decoding.
-
-To save your key to your **application/config/config.php**, open the file
-and set::
-
-	$config['encryption_key'] = "YOUR KEY";
-
-Message Length
-==============
-
-It's important for you to know that the encoded messages the encryption
-function generates will be approximately 2.6 times longer than the
-original message. For example, if you encrypt the string "my super
-secret data", which is 21 characters in length, you'll end up with an
-encoded string that is roughly 55 characters (we say "roughly" because
-the encoded string length increments in 64 bit clusters, so it's not
-exactly linear). Keep this information in mind when selecting your data
-storage mechanism. Cookies, for example, can only hold 4K of
-information.
-
-Initializing the Class
-======================
-
-Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the Encrypt class is
-initialized in your controller using the ``$this->load->library()``
-method::
-
-	$this->load->library('encrypt');
-
-Once loaded, the Encrypt library object will be available using::
-
-	$this->encrypt
-
-***************
-Class Reference
-***************
-
-.. php:class:: CI_Encrypt
-
-	.. php:method:: encode($string[, $key = ''])
-
-		:param	string	$string: Data to encrypt
-		:param	string	$key: Encryption key
-		:returns:	Encrypted string
-		:rtype:	string
-
-		Performs the data encryption and returns it as a string. Example::
-
-			$msg = 'My secret message';
-
-			$encrypted_string = $this->encrypt->encode($msg);
-
-		You can optionally pass your encryption key via the second parameter if
-		you don't want to use the one in your config file::
-
-			$msg = 'My secret message';
-			$key = 'super-secret-key';
-
-			$encrypted_string = $this->encrypt->encode($msg, $key);
-
-	.. php:method:: decode($string[, $key = ''])
-
-		:param	string	$string: String to decrypt
-		:param	string	$key: Encryption key
-		:returns:	Plain-text string
-		:rtype:	string
-
-		Decrypts an encoded string. Example::
-
-			$encrypted_string = 'APANtByIGI1BpVXZTJgcsAG8GZl8pdwwa84';
-
-			$plaintext_string = $this->encrypt->decode($encrypted_string);
-
-		You can optionally pass your encryption key via the second parameter if
-		you don't want to use the one in your config file::
-
-			$msg = 'My secret message';
-			$key = 'super-secret-key';
-
-			$encrypted_string = $this->encrypt->decode($msg, $key);
-
-	.. php:method:: set_cipher($cipher)
-
-		:param	int	$cipher: Valid PHP MCrypt cypher constant
-		:returns:	CI_Encrypt instance (method chaining)
-		:rtype:	CI_Encrypt
-
-		Permits you to set an Mcrypt cipher. By default it uses
-		``MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256``. Example::
-
-			$this->encrypt->set_cipher(MCRYPT_BLOWFISH);
-
-		Please visit php.net for a list of `available ciphers <https://secure.php.net/mcrypt>`_.
-
-		If you'd like to manually test whether your server supports MCrypt you
-		can use::
-
-			echo extension_loaded('mcrypt') ? 'Yup' : 'Nope';
-
-	.. php:method:: set_mode($mode)
-
-		:param	int	$mode: Valid PHP MCrypt mode constant
-		:returns:	CI_Encrypt instance (method chaining)
-		:rtype:	CI_Encrypt
-
-		Permits you to set an Mcrypt mode. By default it uses **MCRYPT_MODE_CBC**.
-		Example::
-
-			$this->encrypt->set_mode(MCRYPT_MODE_CFB);
-
-		Please visit php.net for a list of `available modes <https://secure.php.net/mcrypt>`_.
-
-	.. php:method:: encode_from_legacy($string[, $legacy_mode = MCRYPT_MODE_ECB[, $key = '']])
-
-		:param	string	$string: String to encrypt
-		:param	int	$legacy_mode: Valid PHP MCrypt cipher constant
-		:param	string	$key: Encryption key
-		:returns:	Newly encrypted string
-		:rtype:	string
-
-		Enables you to re-encode data that was originally encrypted with
-		CodeIgniter 1.x to be compatible with the Encrypt library in
-		CodeIgniter 2.x. It is only necessary to use this method if you have
-		encrypted data stored permanently such as in a file or database and are
-		on a server that supports Mcrypt. "Light" use encryption such as
-		encrypted session data or transitory encrypted flashdata require no
-		intervention on your part. However, existing encrypted Sessions will be
-		destroyed since data encrypted prior to 2.x will not be decoded.
-
-		.. important::
-			**Why only a method to re-encode the data instead of maintaining legacy
-			methods for both encoding and decoding?** The algorithms in the
-			Encrypt library have improved in CodeIgniter 2.x both for performance
-			and security, and we do not wish to encourage continued use of the older
-			methods. You can of course extend the Encryption library if you wish and
-			replace the new methods with the old and retain seamless compatibility
-			with CodeIgniter 1.x encrypted data, but this a decision that a
-			developer should make cautiously and deliberately, if at all.
-
-		::
-
-			$new_data = $this->encrypt->encode_from_legacy($old_encrypted_string);
-
-		======================	===============	 =======================================================================
-		Parameter		 Default	  Description
-		======================	===============  =======================================================================
-		**$orig_data**		n/a 		 The original encrypted data from CodeIgniter 1.x's Encryption library
-		**$legacy_mode**	MCRYPT_MODE_ECB	 The Mcrypt mode that was used to generate the original encrypted data.
-							 CodeIgniter 1.x's default was MCRYPT_MODE_ECB, and it will assume that
-							 to be the case unless overridden by this parameter.
-		**$key**		n/a 		 The encryption key. This it typically specified in your config file as
-							 outlined above.
-		======================	===============	 =======================================================================
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/encryption.rst b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/encryption.rst
index 833a56c093f..643818aa449 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/encryption.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/encryption.rst
@@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ Configuring the library
 =======================
 
 For usability, performance, but also historical reasons tied to our old
-:doc:`Encrypt Class <encrypt>`, the Encryption library is designed to
-use repeatedly the same driver, encryption cipher, mode and key.
+**Encrypt Class**, the Encryption library is designed to use repeatedly
+the same driver, encryption cipher, mode and key.
 
 As noted in the "Default behavior" section above, this means using an
 auto-detected driver (OpenSSL has a higher priority), the AES-128 ciper
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/input.rst b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/input.rst
index 730b3a9b093..e0f3d8417c1 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/input.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/input.rst
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ Class Reference
 		This method is identical to ``get()``, ``post()`` and ``cookie()``,
 		only it fetches the *php://input* stream data.
 
-	.. php:method:: set_cookie($name = ''[, $value = ''[, $expire = 0[, $domain = ''[, $path = '/'[, $prefix = ''[, $secure = NULL[, $httponly = NULL]]]]]]])
+	.. php:method:: set_cookie($name = ''[, $value = ''[, $expire = 0[, $domain = ''[, $path = '/'[, $prefix = ''[, $secure = NULL[, $httponly = NULL[, $samesite = NULL]]]]]]]])
 
 		:param	mixed	$name: Cookie name or an array of parameters
 		:param	string	$value: Cookie value
@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ Class Reference
 		:param	string	$prefix: Cookie name prefix
 		:param	bool	$secure: Whether to only transfer the cookie through HTTPS
 		:param	bool	$httponly: Whether to only make the cookie accessible for HTTP requests (no JavaScript)
+		:param	string	$samesite: SameSite attribute ('Lax', 'Strict', 'None')
 		:rtype:	void
 
 
@@ -265,13 +266,14 @@ Class Reference
 		parameter::
 
 			$cookie = array(
-				'name'   => 'The Cookie Name',
-				'value'  => 'The Value',
-				'expire' => 86500,
-				'domain' => '.some-domain.com',
-				'path'   => '/',
-				'prefix' => 'myprefix_',
-				'secure' => TRUE
+				'name'		=> 'The Cookie Name',
+				'value'		=> 'The Value',
+				'expire'	=> 86500,
+				'domain'	=> '.some-domain.com',
+				'path'		=> '/',
+				'prefix'	=> 'myprefix_',
+				'secure'	=> TRUE,
+				'samesite'	=> 'Strict'
 			);
 
 			$this->input->set_cookie($cookie);
@@ -297,13 +299,14 @@ Class Reference
 
 		The *httponly* and *secure* flags, when omitted, will default to your
 		``$config['cookie_httponly']`` and ``$config['cookie_secure']`` settings.
+		The *samesite* parameter can be ``'Lax'``, ``'Strict'`` or ``'None'``. If not set, the same-site cookie attribute will default to ``'Lax'``.
 
 		**Discrete Parameters**
 
 		If you prefer, you can set the cookie by passing data using individual
 		parameters::
 
-			$this->input->set_cookie($name, $value, $expire, $domain, $path, $prefix, $secure);
+			$this->input->set_cookie($name, $value, $expire, $domain, $path, $prefix, $secure, $samesite);
 
 	.. php:method:: ip_address()
 
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/pagination.rst b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/pagination.rst
index fbc75ea56d6..760f50c94ba 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/pagination.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/pagination.rst
@@ -277,9 +277,6 @@ by the pagination class, you can set them as key/value pairs in the
 	// Produces: class="myclass"
 	$config['attributes'] = array('class' => 'myclass');
 
-.. note:: Usage of the old method of setting classes via "anchor_class"
-	is deprecated.
-
 *****************************
 Disabling the "rel" attribute
 *****************************
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/sessions.rst b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/sessions.rst
index f2236c633a6..7fe86977a9b 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/sessions.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/sessions.rst
@@ -438,6 +438,8 @@ Preference                   Default         Options
 ============================ =============== ======================================== ============================================================================================
 **sess_driver**              files           files/database/redis/memcached/*custom*  The session storage driver to use.
 **sess_cookie_name**         ci_session      [A-Za-z\_-] characters only              The name used for the session cookie.
+**sess_samesite**            ci_session      'Lax', 'Strict' or 'None'                SameSite attribute value for session cookies.
+                                                                                      Defaults to ``session.cookie_samesite`` on PHP 7.3+ or 'Lax' if not present at all.
 **sess_expiration**          7200 (2 hours)  Time in seconds (integer)                The number of seconds you would like the session to last.
                                                                                       If you would like a non-expiring session (until browser is closed) set the value to zero: 0
 **sess_save_path**           NULL            None                                     Specifies the storage location, depends on the driver being used.
@@ -569,8 +571,6 @@ However, there are some conditions that must be met:
 
   - Only your **default** database connection (or the one that you access
     as ``$this->db`` from your controllers) can be used.
-  - You must have the :doc:`Query Builder </database/query_builder>`
-    enabled.
   - You can NOT use a persistent connection.
   - You can NOT use a connection with the *cache_on* setting enabled.
 
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/license.rst b/user_guide_src/source/license.rst
index 3752307cf39..9894cf2b12e 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/license.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/license.rst
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 #####################
 
-Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/news_section.rst b/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/news_section.rst
index 286d620dc3c..0953b8e72d1 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/news_section.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/news_section.rst
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ so it can be used in all other methods in this controller.
 It also loads a collection of :doc:`URL Helper <../helpers/url_helper>`
 functions, because we'll use one of them in a view later.
 
-Next, there are two methods to view all news items and one for a specific
+Next, there are two methods to view news items: one for all news items and one for a specific
 news item. You can see that the ``$slug`` variable is passed to the model's
 method in the second method. The model is using this slug to identify the
 news item to be returned.