From 4d1a872f2fb06cdff15dc5fa509e6732dbaf7a51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chanin Nantasenamat <51851491+dataprofessor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 20:18:24 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Add files via upload

---
 python/google_colab_first_notebook.ipynb | 983 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 983 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 python/google_colab_first_notebook.ipynb

diff --git a/python/google_colab_first_notebook.ipynb b/python/google_colab_first_notebook.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13386f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/google_colab_first_notebook.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,983 @@
+{
+  "nbformat": 4,
+  "nbformat_minor": 0,
+  "metadata": {
+    "colab": {
+      "provenance": []
+    },
+    "kernelspec": {
+      "name": "python3",
+      "display_name": "Python 3"
+    },
+    "language_info": {
+      "name": "python"
+    }
+  },
+  "cells": [
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "# My First Notebook\n"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "yWsgD4dxrhSX"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "# H1 heading"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "zRVndNmir2M4"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "## H2 heading"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "ByuA1cDmrqhb"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "### H3 heading"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "HM0mR4v4sAXP"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "# Load API key"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "qC1RLhLKwswk"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "from google.colab import userdata\n",
+        "dummy_api_key = userdata.get('DUMMY_KEY')"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "8idhWq95wgKl"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "# Examples"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "ECEbeZCFsIh5"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "## pandas"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "RmJPQguLsKip"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "import pandas as pd"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "dw1W26YmroA8"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "df = pd.read_csv('sample_data/california_housing_test.csv')\n",
+        "df.head()"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 206
+        },
+        "id": "wGnYqBtFsPnf",
+        "outputId": "d4142036-ab13-4905-856a-aa8f4ee3d17b"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "   longitude  latitude  housing_median_age  total_rooms  total_bedrooms  \\\n",
+              "0    -122.05     37.37                27.0       3885.0           661.0   \n",
+              "1    -118.30     34.26                43.0       1510.0           310.0   \n",
+              "2    -117.81     33.78                27.0       3589.0           507.0   \n",
+              "3    -118.36     33.82                28.0         67.0            15.0   \n",
+              "4    -119.67     36.33                19.0       1241.0           244.0   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "   population  households  median_income  median_house_value  \n",
+              "0      1537.0       606.0         6.6085            344700.0  \n",
+              "1       809.0       277.0         3.5990            176500.0  \n",
+              "2      1484.0       495.0         5.7934            270500.0  \n",
+              "3        49.0        11.0         6.1359            330000.0  \n",
+              "4       850.0       237.0         2.9375             81700.0  "
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-38079fa8-4818-4a2e-9fac-8ed19b81bcc7\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>longitude</th>\n",
+              "      <th>latitude</th>\n",
+              "      <th>housing_median_age</th>\n",
+              "      <th>total_rooms</th>\n",
+              "      <th>total_bedrooms</th>\n",
+              "      <th>population</th>\n",
+              "      <th>households</th>\n",
+              "      <th>median_income</th>\n",
+              "      <th>median_house_value</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>-122.05</td>\n",
+              "      <td>37.37</td>\n",
+              "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3885.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>661.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1537.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>606.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6.6085</td>\n",
+              "      <td>344700.0</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <td>-118.30</td>\n",
+              "      <td>34.26</td>\n",
+              "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1510.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>310.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>809.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>277.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.5990</td>\n",
+              "      <td>176500.0</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <td>-117.81</td>\n",
+              "      <td>33.78</td>\n",
+              "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3589.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>507.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1484.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>495.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.7934</td>\n",
+              "      <td>270500.0</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>3</th>\n",
+              "      <td>-118.36</td>\n",
+              "      <td>33.82</td>\n",
+              "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>67.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>49.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6.1359</td>\n",
+              "      <td>330000.0</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>4</th>\n",
+              "      <td>-119.67</td>\n",
+              "      <td>36.33</td>\n",
+              "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1241.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>244.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>850.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>237.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.9375</td>\n",
+              "      <td>81700.0</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-38079fa8-4818-4a2e-9fac-8ed19b81bcc7')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-38079fa8-4818-4a2e-9fac-8ed19b81bcc7 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-38079fa8-4818-4a2e-9fac-8ed19b81bcc7');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<div id=\"df-86dfe127-37d4-496d-9eb6-7ecaac21241f\">\n",
+              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-86dfe127-37d4-496d-9eb6-7ecaac21241f')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "  </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <script>\n",
+              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "      try {\n",
+              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "      } catch (error) {\n",
+              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    (() => {\n",
+              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-86dfe127-37d4-496d-9eb6-7ecaac21241f button');\n",
+              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "    })();\n",
+              "  </script>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "df",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df\",\n  \"rows\": 3000,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"longitude\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.9949362939550161,\n        \"min\": -124.18,\n        \"max\": -114.49,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 607,\n        \"samples\": [\n          -121.15,\n          -121.46,\n          -121.02\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"latitude\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 2.1296695233438325,\n        \"min\": 32.56,\n        \"max\": 41.92,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 587,\n        \"samples\": [\n          40.17,\n          33.69,\n          39.61\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"housing_median_age\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 12.555395554955755,\n        \"min\": 1.0,\n        \"max\": 52.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 52,\n        \"samples\": [\n          14.0,\n          49.0,\n          7.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"total_rooms\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 2155.59333162558,\n        \"min\": 6.0,\n        \"max\": 30450.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2215,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1961.0,\n          1807.0,\n          680.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"total_bedrooms\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 415.6543681363232,\n        \"min\": 2.0,\n        \"max\": 5419.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1055,\n        \"samples\": [\n          532.0,\n          764.0,\n          2162.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"population\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1030.5430124122422,\n        \"min\": 5.0,\n        \"max\": 11935.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1802,\n        \"samples\": [\n          947.0,\n          1140.0,\n          2019.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"households\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 365.42270980552604,\n        \"min\": 2.0,\n        \"max\": 4930.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1026,\n        \"samples\": [\n          646.0,\n          629.0,\n          504.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"median_income\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.854511729691481,\n        \"min\": 0.4999,\n        \"max\": 15.0001,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2578,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1.725,\n          0.7403,\n          2.6964\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"median_house_value\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 113119.68746964433,\n        \"min\": 22500.0,\n        \"max\": 500001.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1784,\n        \"samples\": [\n          71900.0,\n          63000.0,\n          115800.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 5
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "df.shape"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "8YBEQ5ZPtyRu",
+        "outputId": "b23eb485-b7f6-477f-b515-d46fedc41dca"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "(3000, 9)"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 10
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "## yt-dlp"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "dthivj-_sn_w"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "! apt-get install ffmpeg"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "BKdcB7l-vz_h",
+        "outputId": "16893d68-2951-49d0-96d2-c3653d6a44fb"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stdout",
+          "text": [
+            "Reading package lists... Done\n",
+            "Building dependency tree... Done\n",
+            "Reading state information... Done\n",
+            "ffmpeg is already the newest version (7:4.4.2-0ubuntu0.22.04.1).\n",
+            "0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 49 not upgraded.\n"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "pip install yt-dlp"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "VegGCtSaspMK",
+        "outputId": "06c0b539-dc12-4eda-bb42-8231ebb8ec75"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stdout",
+          "text": [
+            "Collecting yt-dlp\n",
+            "  Downloading yt_dlp-2024.11.4-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (172 kB)\n",
+            "\u001b[?25l     \u001b[90m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m0.0/172.1 kB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m?\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m-:--:--\u001b[0m\r\u001b[2K     \u001b[90m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m172.1/172.1 kB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m5.0 MB/s\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m0:00:00\u001b[0m\n",
+            "\u001b[?25hDownloading yt_dlp-2024.11.4-py3-none-any.whl (3.2 MB)\n",
+            "\u001b[?25l   \u001b[90m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m0.0/3.2 MB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m?\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m-:--:--\u001b[0m\r\u001b[2K   \u001b[91m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m\u001b[90m╺\u001b[0m\u001b[90m━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m2.6/3.2 MB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m69.6 MB/s\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m0:00:01\u001b[0m\r\u001b[2K   \u001b[91m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m\u001b[91m╸\u001b[0m \u001b[32m3.2/3.2 MB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m65.8 MB/s\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m0:00:01\u001b[0m\r\u001b[2K   \u001b[90m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m3.2/3.2 MB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m33.7 MB/s\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m0:00:00\u001b[0m\n",
+            "\u001b[?25hInstalling collected packages: yt-dlp\n",
+            "Successfully installed yt-dlp-2024.11.4\n"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "import yt_dlp\n",
+        "\n",
+        "def download_audio(url):\n",
+        "    ydl_opts = {\n",
+        "        'format': 'bestaudio/best',\n",
+        "        'postprocessors': [{\n",
+        "            'key': 'FFmpegExtractAudio',\n",
+        "            'preferredcodec': 'mp3',\n",
+        "            'preferredquality': '192',\n",
+        "        }],\n",
+        "        'outtmpl': '%(title)s.%(ext)s',\n",
+        "        'verbose': True,  # Add this line\n",
+        "    }\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:\n",
+        "        ydl.download([url])"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "NYJ03kwms7TY"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "URL = \"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc\"\n",
+        "download_audio(URL)"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "wMM6oBSks8FZ",
+        "outputId": "d17918c9-7196-4aa4-83f8-1780a0739df7"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stderr",
+          "text": [
+            "[debug] Encodings: locale UTF-8, fs utf-8, pref UTF-8, out UTF-8 (No ANSI), error UTF-8 (No ANSI), screen UTF-8 (No ANSI)\n",
+            "[debug] yt-dlp version stable@2024.11.04 from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [197d0b03b] (pip) API\n",
+            "[debug] params: {'format': 'bestaudio/best', 'postprocessors': [{'key': 'FFmpegExtractAudio', 'preferredcodec': 'mp3', 'preferredquality': '192'}], 'outtmpl': '%(title)s.%(ext)s', 'verbose': True, 'compat_opts': set(), 'http_headers': {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36', 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Language': 'en-us,en;q=0.5', 'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate'}}\n",
+            "[debug] Python 3.10.12 (CPython x86_64 64bit) - Linux-6.1.85+-x86_64-with-glibc2.35 (OpenSSL 3.0.2 15 Mar 2022, glibc 2.35)\n",
+            "[debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 4.4.2 (setts), ffprobe 4.4.2\n",
+            "[debug] Optional libraries: certifi-2024.08.30, requests-2.32.3, secretstorage-3.3.1, sqlite3-3.37.2, urllib3-2.2.3\n",
+            "[debug] Proxy map: {'colab_language_server': '/usr/colab/bin/language_service'}\n",
+            "[debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests\n",
+            "[debug] Loaded 1838 extractors\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stdout",
+          "text": [
+            "[youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc\n",
+            "[youtube] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading webpage\n",
+            "[youtube] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading ios player API JSON\n",
+            "[youtube] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading mweb player API JSON\n",
+            "[youtube] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading player 4e23410d\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stderr",
+          "text": [
+            "[debug] Saving youtube-nsig.4e23410d to cache\n",
+            "[debug] [youtube] Decrypted nsig TODInL2VkpwBeZYW7 => wBKo3X3nM8BmSA\n",
+            "[debug] Loading youtube-nsig.4e23410d from cache\n",
+            "[debug] [youtube] Decrypted nsig vAeQv-NfW6cUtSuNm => 9nN6xXoPuOaU-A\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stdout",
+          "text": [
+            "[youtube] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading m3u8 information\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stderr",
+          "text": [
+            "[debug] Sort order given by extractor: quality, res, fps, hdr:12, source, vcodec, channels, acodec, lang, proto\n",
+            "[debug] Formats sorted by: hasvid, ie_pref, quality, res, fps, hdr:12(7), source, vcodec, channels, acodec, lang, proto, size, br, asr, vext, aext, hasaud, id\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stdout",
+          "text": [
+            "[info] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading 1 format(s): 251\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stderr",
+          "text": [
+            "[debug] Invoking http downloader on \"https://rr1---sn-qxo7rn7r.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?expire=1730771008&ei=4CMpZ4XhJpPBsfIP7deLmAo&ip=35.199.188.39&id=o-APTN0lKEb0Qfe0Jq0HNmcfAnPmHCwQ_vTDUQ-grBegFk&itag=251&source=youtube&requiressl=yes&xpc=EgVo2aDSNQ%3D%3D&met=1730749408%2C&mh=-6&mm=31%2C26&mn=sn-qxo7rn7r%2Csn-a5mekndl&ms=au%2Conr&mv=m&mvi=1&pl=20&rms=au%2Cau&vprv=1&svpuc=1&mime=audio%2Fwebm&rqh=1&gir=yes&clen=11436231&dur=904.241&lmt=1727658751589050&mt=1730749051&fvip=3&keepalive=yes&fexp=51312688%2C51326932&c=IOS&txp=4532434&sparams=expire%2Cei%2Cip%2Cid%2Citag%2Csource%2Crequiressl%2Cxpc%2Cvprv%2Csvpuc%2Cmime%2Crqh%2Cgir%2Cclen%2Cdur%2Clmt&sig=AJfQdSswRAIgdyRaqQwBtuq6sm2qQrZRZtYbW8LoccP0YWy2R9hHK70CIE3HXpRHAOJFUukFaZHGV2uQ-Sk6VmPSgZ74DwmAQICb&lsparams=met%2Cmh%2Cmm%2Cmn%2Cms%2Cmv%2Cmvi%2Cpl%2Crms&lsig=ACJ0pHgwRQIhAI2cNPYa2PUX70RTEbQQjQVfq6JLIv8EL0Te68Yfpqn-AiAOWu5_w37ZFpinBi-6Xt70X5Mdhlv6iviwRj7LeGV7Cg%3D%3D\"\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stdout",
+          "text": [
+            "[download] Destination: Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.webm\n",
+            "[download] 100% of   10.91MiB in 00:00:00 at 22.43MiB/s  \n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stderr",
+          "text": [
+            "[debug] ffmpeg command line: ffprobe -show_streams 'file:Steve Jobs'\"'\"' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.webm'\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stdout",
+          "text": [
+            "[ExtractAudio] Destination: Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.mp3\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stderr",
+          "text": [
+            "[debug] ffmpeg command line: ffmpeg -y -loglevel repeat+info -i 'file:Steve Jobs'\"'\"' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.webm' -vn -acodec libmp3lame -b:a 192.0k -movflags +faststart 'file:Steve Jobs'\"'\"' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.mp3'\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stdout",
+          "text": [
+            "Deleting original file Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.webm (pass -k to keep)\n"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "## scikit-learn"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "gHB4HINduElj"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "pip install scikit-learn -U"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "7A1yCVNlutQ_"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "from sklearn.datasets import make_hastie_10_2\n",
+        "from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier\n",
+        "\n",
+        "X, y = make_hastie_10_2(random_state=0)\n",
+        "clf = GradientBoostingClassifier(n_estimators=100, learning_rate=1.0,\n",
+        "    max_depth=1, random_state=0).fit(X, y)\n",
+        "clf.feature_importances_"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "KVIBZ62euF87",
+        "outputId": "1bc8f2b9-3eae-48c3-b44a-2b5d89d25e7e"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "array([0.10684213, 0.10461707, 0.11265447, 0.09863589, 0.09469133,\n",
+              "       0.10729306, 0.09163753, 0.09718194, 0.09581415, 0.09063242])"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 11
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "## altair"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "YFoTWdpdu_fV"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "### Heatmap\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Here's how to create a Heatmap."
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "cAno9XZkvOor"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "import altair as alt\n",
+        "import numpy as np\n",
+        "import pandas as pd\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Compute x^2 + y^2 across a 2D grid\n",
+        "x, y = np.meshgrid(range(-5, 5), range(-5, 5))\n",
+        "z = x ** 2 + y ** 2\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Convert this grid to columnar data expected by Altair\n",
+        "source = pd.DataFrame({'x': x.ravel(),\n",
+        "                     'y': y.ravel(),\n",
+        "                     'z': z.ravel()})\n",
+        "\n",
+        "alt.Chart(source).mark_rect().encode(\n",
+        "    x='x:O',\n",
+        "    y='y:O',\n",
+        "    color='z:Q'\n",
+        ")"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 262
+        },
+        "id": "7NSe5rKiuG82",
+        "outputId": "c56c460c-5cde-4100-f91e-e1e44ece081f"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "<div id=\"altair-viz-5c8c3711123143b0907a7fb329ffbbce\"></div>\n",
+              "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n",
+              "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
+              "  (function(spec, embedOpt){\n",
+              "    let outputDiv = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling;\n",
+              "    if (outputDiv.id !== \"altair-viz-5c8c3711123143b0907a7fb329ffbbce\") {\n",
+              "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-5c8c3711123143b0907a7fb329ffbbce\");\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    const paths = {\n",
+              "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
+              "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
+              "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
+              "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
+              "    };\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
+              "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
+              "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
+              "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
+              "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
+              "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
+              "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
+              "          s.async = true;\n",
+              "          s.onload = () => {\n",
+              "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
+              "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
+              "          };\n",
+              "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
+              "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
+              "        });\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    function showError(err) {\n",
+              "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
+              "      throw err;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
+              "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
+              "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
+              "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
+              "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
+              "    } else {\n",
+              "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
+              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
+              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
+              "        .catch(showError)\n",
+              "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-1487c93b91dee61ec4c167e470e512f4\"}, \"mark\": \"rect\", \"encoding\": {\"color\": {\"field\": \"z\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}, \"x\": {\"field\": \"x\", \"type\": \"ordinal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"y\", \"type\": \"ordinal\"}}, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-1487c93b91dee61ec4c167e470e512f4\": [{\"x\": -5, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 50}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 41}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 34}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 29}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 26}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 26}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 29}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 34}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 41}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 41}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 32}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 16}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 32}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 34}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 18}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 9}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 18}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 29}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 8}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 4}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 8}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 26}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 2}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 1}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 2}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 16}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 9}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 4}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 1}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 0}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 1}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 4}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 9}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 16}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 26}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 2}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 1}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 2}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 29}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 8}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 4}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 8}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 34}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 18}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 9}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 18}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 41}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 32}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 16}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 32}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
+              "</script>"
+            ],
+            "text/plain": [
+              "alt.Chart(...)"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 12
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "source": [
+        "### Stacked Area Chart"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "1sGwP2h9vaKw"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "import altair as alt\n",
+        "from vega_datasets import data\n",
+        "\n",
+        "source = data.iowa_electricity()\n",
+        "\n",
+        "alt.Chart(source).mark_area().encode(\n",
+        "    x=\"year:T\",\n",
+        "    y=\"net_generation:Q\",\n",
+        "    color=\"source:N\"\n",
+        ")"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 424
+        },
+        "id": "vDQc_4kLvH8l",
+        "outputId": "0c72c68a-d72e-4564-afe6-253793faf7a8"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stderr",
+          "text": [
+            "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/altair/utils/core.py:384: FutureWarning: the convert_dtype parameter is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Do ``ser.astype(object).apply()`` instead if you want ``convert_dtype=False``.\n",
+            "  col = df[col_name].apply(to_list_if_array, convert_dtype=False)\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "<div id=\"altair-viz-b095170935ce4f0fbd49be2a5b595470\"></div>\n",
+              "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n",
+              "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
+              "  (function(spec, embedOpt){\n",
+              "    let outputDiv = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling;\n",
+              "    if (outputDiv.id !== \"altair-viz-b095170935ce4f0fbd49be2a5b595470\") {\n",
+              "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-b095170935ce4f0fbd49be2a5b595470\");\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    const paths = {\n",
+              "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
+              "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
+              "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
+              "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
+              "    };\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
+              "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
+              "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
+              "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
+              "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
+              "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
+              "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
+              "          s.async = true;\n",
+              "          s.onload = () => {\n",
+              "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
+              "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
+              "          };\n",
+              "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
+              "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
+              "        });\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    function showError(err) {\n",
+              "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
+              "      throw err;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
+              "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
+              "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
+              "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
+              "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
+              "    } else {\n",
+              "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
+              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
+              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
+              "        .catch(showError)\n",
+              "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-bb61008ba0c766c5601afa5323d12ad4\"}, \"mark\": \"area\", \"encoding\": {\"color\": {\"field\": \"source\", \"type\": \"nominal\"}, \"x\": {\"field\": \"year\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"net_generation\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-bb61008ba0c766c5601afa5323d12ad4\": [{\"year\": \"2001-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 35361}, {\"year\": \"2002-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 35991}, {\"year\": \"2003-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 36234}, {\"year\": \"2004-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 36205}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 36883}, {\"year\": \"2006-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 37014}, {\"year\": \"2007-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 41389}, {\"year\": \"2008-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 42734}, {\"year\": \"2009-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 38620}, {\"year\": \"2010-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 42750}, {\"year\": \"2011-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 39361}, {\"year\": \"2012-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 37379}, {\"year\": \"2013-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 34873}, {\"year\": \"2014-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 35250}, {\"year\": \"2015-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 32319}, {\"year\": \"2016-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 28437}, {\"year\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 29329}, {\"year\": \"2001-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 3853}, {\"year\": \"2002-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4574}, {\"year\": \"2003-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 3988}, {\"year\": \"2004-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4929}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4538}, {\"year\": \"2006-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5095}, {\"year\": \"2007-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4519}, {\"year\": \"2008-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5282}, {\"year\": \"2009-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4679}, {\"year\": \"2010-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4451}, {\"year\": \"2011-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5215}, {\"year\": \"2012-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4347}, {\"year\": \"2013-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5321}, {\"year\": \"2014-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4152}, {\"year\": \"2015-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5243}, {\"year\": \"2016-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4703}, {\"year\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5214}, {\"year\": \"2001-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 1437}, {\"year\": \"2002-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 1963}, {\"year\": \"2003-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 1885}, {\"year\": \"2004-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 2102}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 2724}, {\"year\": \"2006-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 3364}, {\"year\": \"2007-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 3870}, {\"year\": \"2008-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 5070}, {\"year\": \"2009-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 8560}, {\"year\": \"2010-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 10308}, {\"year\": \"2011-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 11795}, {\"year\": \"2012-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 14949}, {\"year\": \"2013-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 16476}, {\"year\": \"2014-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 17452}, {\"year\": \"2015-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 19091}, {\"year\": \"2016-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 21241}, {\"year\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 21933}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
+              "</script>"
+            ],
+            "text/plain": [
+              "alt.Chart(...)"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 13
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "xZ2fN6SLvMYe"
+      },
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": []
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From d494f8093073990fcf77061bd740a0e4c2d40020 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chanin Nantasenamat <51851491+dataprofessor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 20:19:44 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Delete python/google_colab_first_notebook.ipynb

---
 python/google_colab_first_notebook.ipynb | 983 -----------------------
 1 file changed, 983 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 python/google_colab_first_notebook.ipynb

diff --git a/python/google_colab_first_notebook.ipynb b/python/google_colab_first_notebook.ipynb
deleted file mode 100644
index 13386f1..0000000
--- a/python/google_colab_first_notebook.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,983 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "nbformat": 4,
-  "nbformat_minor": 0,
-  "metadata": {
-    "colab": {
-      "provenance": []
-    },
-    "kernelspec": {
-      "name": "python3",
-      "display_name": "Python 3"
-    },
-    "language_info": {
-      "name": "python"
-    }
-  },
-  "cells": [
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "# My First Notebook\n"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "yWsgD4dxrhSX"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "# H1 heading"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "zRVndNmir2M4"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "## H2 heading"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "ByuA1cDmrqhb"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "### H3 heading"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "HM0mR4v4sAXP"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "# Load API key"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "qC1RLhLKwswk"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "from google.colab import userdata\n",
-        "dummy_api_key = userdata.get('DUMMY_KEY')"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "8idhWq95wgKl"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": []
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "# Examples"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "ECEbeZCFsIh5"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "## pandas"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "RmJPQguLsKip"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "import pandas as pd"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "dw1W26YmroA8"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": []
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "df = pd.read_csv('sample_data/california_housing_test.csv')\n",
-        "df.head()"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
-          "height": 206
-        },
-        "id": "wGnYqBtFsPnf",
-        "outputId": "d4142036-ab13-4905-856a-aa8f4ee3d17b"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "output_type": "execute_result",
-          "data": {
-            "text/plain": [
-              "   longitude  latitude  housing_median_age  total_rooms  total_bedrooms  \\\n",
-              "0    -122.05     37.37                27.0       3885.0           661.0   \n",
-              "1    -118.30     34.26                43.0       1510.0           310.0   \n",
-              "2    -117.81     33.78                27.0       3589.0           507.0   \n",
-              "3    -118.36     33.82                28.0         67.0            15.0   \n",
-              "4    -119.67     36.33                19.0       1241.0           244.0   \n",
-              "\n",
-              "   population  households  median_income  median_house_value  \n",
-              "0      1537.0       606.0         6.6085            344700.0  \n",
-              "1       809.0       277.0         3.5990            176500.0  \n",
-              "2      1484.0       495.0         5.7934            270500.0  \n",
-              "3        49.0        11.0         6.1359            330000.0  \n",
-              "4       850.0       237.0         2.9375             81700.0  "
-            ],
-            "text/html": [
-              "\n",
-              "  <div id=\"df-38079fa8-4818-4a2e-9fac-8ed19b81bcc7\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
-              "    <div>\n",
-              "<style scoped>\n",
-              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
-              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
-              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
-              "        text-align: right;\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "</style>\n",
-              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
-              "  <thead>\n",
-              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
-              "      <th></th>\n",
-              "      <th>longitude</th>\n",
-              "      <th>latitude</th>\n",
-              "      <th>housing_median_age</th>\n",
-              "      <th>total_rooms</th>\n",
-              "      <th>total_bedrooms</th>\n",
-              "      <th>population</th>\n",
-              "      <th>households</th>\n",
-              "      <th>median_income</th>\n",
-              "      <th>median_house_value</th>\n",
-              "    </tr>\n",
-              "  </thead>\n",
-              "  <tbody>\n",
-              "    <tr>\n",
-              "      <th>0</th>\n",
-              "      <td>-122.05</td>\n",
-              "      <td>37.37</td>\n",
-              "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>3885.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>661.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>1537.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>606.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>6.6085</td>\n",
-              "      <td>344700.0</td>\n",
-              "    </tr>\n",
-              "    <tr>\n",
-              "      <th>1</th>\n",
-              "      <td>-118.30</td>\n",
-              "      <td>34.26</td>\n",
-              "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>1510.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>310.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>809.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>277.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>3.5990</td>\n",
-              "      <td>176500.0</td>\n",
-              "    </tr>\n",
-              "    <tr>\n",
-              "      <th>2</th>\n",
-              "      <td>-117.81</td>\n",
-              "      <td>33.78</td>\n",
-              "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>3589.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>507.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>1484.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>495.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>5.7934</td>\n",
-              "      <td>270500.0</td>\n",
-              "    </tr>\n",
-              "    <tr>\n",
-              "      <th>3</th>\n",
-              "      <td>-118.36</td>\n",
-              "      <td>33.82</td>\n",
-              "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>67.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>49.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>6.1359</td>\n",
-              "      <td>330000.0</td>\n",
-              "    </tr>\n",
-              "    <tr>\n",
-              "      <th>4</th>\n",
-              "      <td>-119.67</td>\n",
-              "      <td>36.33</td>\n",
-              "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>1241.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>244.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>850.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>237.0</td>\n",
-              "      <td>2.9375</td>\n",
-              "      <td>81700.0</td>\n",
-              "    </tr>\n",
-              "  </tbody>\n",
-              "</table>\n",
-              "</div>\n",
-              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
-              "\n",
-              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
-              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-38079fa8-4818-4a2e-9fac-8ed19b81bcc7')\"\n",
-              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
-              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
-              "\n",
-              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
-              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
-              "  </svg>\n",
-              "    </button>\n",
-              "\n",
-              "  <style>\n",
-              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
-              "      display:flex;\n",
-              "      gap: 12px;\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
-              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
-              "      border: none;\n",
-              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
-              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
-              "      display: none;\n",
-              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
-              "      height: 32px;\n",
-              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
-              "      width: 32px;\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
-              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
-              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
-              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
-              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
-              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
-              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
-              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
-              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
-              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
-              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "  </style>\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    <script>\n",
-              "      const buttonEl =\n",
-              "        document.querySelector('#df-38079fa8-4818-4a2e-9fac-8ed19b81bcc7 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
-              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
-              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
-              "\n",
-              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
-              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-38079fa8-4818-4a2e-9fac-8ed19b81bcc7');\n",
-              "        const dataTable =\n",
-              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
-              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
-              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
-              "\n",
-              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
-              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
-              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
-              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
-              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
-              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
-              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
-              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
-              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
-              "      }\n",
-              "    </script>\n",
-              "  </div>\n",
-              "\n",
-              "\n",
-              "<div id=\"df-86dfe127-37d4-496d-9eb6-7ecaac21241f\">\n",
-              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-86dfe127-37d4-496d-9eb6-7ecaac21241f')\"\n",
-              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
-              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
-              "\n",
-              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
-              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
-              "    <g>\n",
-              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
-              "    </g>\n",
-              "</svg>\n",
-              "  </button>\n",
-              "\n",
-              "<style>\n",
-              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
-              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
-              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
-              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
-              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
-              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
-              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
-              "  }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
-              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
-              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
-              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
-              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
-              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
-              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
-              "  }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
-              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
-              "    border: none;\n",
-              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
-              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
-              "    display: none;\n",
-              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "    height: 32px;\n",
-              "    padding: 0;\n",
-              "    width: 32px;\n",
-              "  }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
-              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
-              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
-              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
-              "  }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
-              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
-              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
-              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
-              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
-              "  }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
-              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
-              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "    animation:\n",
-              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
-              "  }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
-              "    0% {\n",
-              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
-              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "    20% {\n",
-              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
-              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "    30% {\n",
-              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
-              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "    40% {\n",
-              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
-              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "    60% {\n",
-              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
-              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "    80% {\n",
-              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
-              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "    90% {\n",
-              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
-              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "  }\n",
-              "</style>\n",
-              "\n",
-              "  <script>\n",
-              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
-              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
-              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
-              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
-              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
-              "      try {\n",
-              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
-              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
-              "      } catch (error) {\n",
-              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
-              "      }\n",
-              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
-              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "    (() => {\n",
-              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
-              "        document.querySelector('#df-86dfe127-37d4-496d-9eb6-7ecaac21241f button');\n",
-              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
-              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
-              "    })();\n",
-              "  </script>\n",
-              "</div>\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    </div>\n",
-              "  </div>\n"
-            ],
-            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
-              "type": "dataframe",
-              "variable_name": "df",
-              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df\",\n  \"rows\": 3000,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"longitude\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.9949362939550161,\n        \"min\": -124.18,\n        \"max\": -114.49,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 607,\n        \"samples\": [\n          -121.15,\n          -121.46,\n          -121.02\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"latitude\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 2.1296695233438325,\n        \"min\": 32.56,\n        \"max\": 41.92,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 587,\n        \"samples\": [\n          40.17,\n          33.69,\n          39.61\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"housing_median_age\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 12.555395554955755,\n        \"min\": 1.0,\n        \"max\": 52.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 52,\n        \"samples\": [\n          14.0,\n          49.0,\n          7.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"total_rooms\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 2155.59333162558,\n        \"min\": 6.0,\n        \"max\": 30450.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2215,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1961.0,\n          1807.0,\n          680.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"total_bedrooms\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 415.6543681363232,\n        \"min\": 2.0,\n        \"max\": 5419.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1055,\n        \"samples\": [\n          532.0,\n          764.0,\n          2162.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"population\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1030.5430124122422,\n        \"min\": 5.0,\n        \"max\": 11935.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1802,\n        \"samples\": [\n          947.0,\n          1140.0,\n          2019.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"households\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 365.42270980552604,\n        \"min\": 2.0,\n        \"max\": 4930.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1026,\n        \"samples\": [\n          646.0,\n          629.0,\n          504.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"median_income\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.854511729691481,\n        \"min\": 0.4999,\n        \"max\": 15.0001,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2578,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1.725,\n          0.7403,\n          2.6964\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"median_house_value\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 113119.68746964433,\n        \"min\": 22500.0,\n        \"max\": 500001.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1784,\n        \"samples\": [\n          71900.0,\n          63000.0,\n          115800.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
-            }
-          },
-          "metadata": {},
-          "execution_count": 5
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "df.shape"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-        },
-        "id": "8YBEQ5ZPtyRu",
-        "outputId": "b23eb485-b7f6-477f-b515-d46fedc41dca"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "output_type": "execute_result",
-          "data": {
-            "text/plain": [
-              "(3000, 9)"
-            ]
-          },
-          "metadata": {},
-          "execution_count": 10
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "## yt-dlp"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "dthivj-_sn_w"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "! apt-get install ffmpeg"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-        },
-        "id": "BKdcB7l-vz_h",
-        "outputId": "16893d68-2951-49d0-96d2-c3653d6a44fb"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "text": [
-            "Reading package lists... Done\n",
-            "Building dependency tree... Done\n",
-            "Reading state information... Done\n",
-            "ffmpeg is already the newest version (7:4.4.2-0ubuntu0.22.04.1).\n",
-            "0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 49 not upgraded.\n"
-          ]
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "pip install yt-dlp"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-        },
-        "id": "VegGCtSaspMK",
-        "outputId": "06c0b539-dc12-4eda-bb42-8231ebb8ec75"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "text": [
-            "Collecting yt-dlp\n",
-            "  Downloading yt_dlp-2024.11.4-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (172 kB)\n",
-            "\u001b[?25l     \u001b[90m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m0.0/172.1 kB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m?\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m-:--:--\u001b[0m\r\u001b[2K     \u001b[90m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m172.1/172.1 kB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m5.0 MB/s\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m0:00:00\u001b[0m\n",
-            "\u001b[?25hDownloading yt_dlp-2024.11.4-py3-none-any.whl (3.2 MB)\n",
-            "\u001b[?25l   \u001b[90m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m0.0/3.2 MB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m?\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m-:--:--\u001b[0m\r\u001b[2K   \u001b[91m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m\u001b[90m╺\u001b[0m\u001b[90m━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m2.6/3.2 MB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m69.6 MB/s\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m0:00:01\u001b[0m\r\u001b[2K   \u001b[91m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m\u001b[91m╸\u001b[0m \u001b[32m3.2/3.2 MB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m65.8 MB/s\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m0:00:01\u001b[0m\r\u001b[2K   \u001b[90m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m3.2/3.2 MB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m33.7 MB/s\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m0:00:00\u001b[0m\n",
-            "\u001b[?25hInstalling collected packages: yt-dlp\n",
-            "Successfully installed yt-dlp-2024.11.4\n"
-          ]
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "import yt_dlp\n",
-        "\n",
-        "def download_audio(url):\n",
-        "    ydl_opts = {\n",
-        "        'format': 'bestaudio/best',\n",
-        "        'postprocessors': [{\n",
-        "            'key': 'FFmpegExtractAudio',\n",
-        "            'preferredcodec': 'mp3',\n",
-        "            'preferredquality': '192',\n",
-        "        }],\n",
-        "        'outtmpl': '%(title)s.%(ext)s',\n",
-        "        'verbose': True,  # Add this line\n",
-        "    }\n",
-        "\n",
-        "    with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:\n",
-        "        ydl.download([url])"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "NYJ03kwms7TY"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": []
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "URL = \"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc\"\n",
-        "download_audio(URL)"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-        },
-        "id": "wMM6oBSks8FZ",
-        "outputId": "d17918c9-7196-4aa4-83f8-1780a0739df7"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stderr",
-          "text": [
-            "[debug] Encodings: locale UTF-8, fs utf-8, pref UTF-8, out UTF-8 (No ANSI), error UTF-8 (No ANSI), screen UTF-8 (No ANSI)\n",
-            "[debug] yt-dlp version stable@2024.11.04 from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [197d0b03b] (pip) API\n",
-            "[debug] params: {'format': 'bestaudio/best', 'postprocessors': [{'key': 'FFmpegExtractAudio', 'preferredcodec': 'mp3', 'preferredquality': '192'}], 'outtmpl': '%(title)s.%(ext)s', 'verbose': True, 'compat_opts': set(), 'http_headers': {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36', 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Language': 'en-us,en;q=0.5', 'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate'}}\n",
-            "[debug] Python 3.10.12 (CPython x86_64 64bit) - Linux-6.1.85+-x86_64-with-glibc2.35 (OpenSSL 3.0.2 15 Mar 2022, glibc 2.35)\n",
-            "[debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 4.4.2 (setts), ffprobe 4.4.2\n",
-            "[debug] Optional libraries: certifi-2024.08.30, requests-2.32.3, secretstorage-3.3.1, sqlite3-3.37.2, urllib3-2.2.3\n",
-            "[debug] Proxy map: {'colab_language_server': '/usr/colab/bin/language_service'}\n",
-            "[debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests\n",
-            "[debug] Loaded 1838 extractors\n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "text": [
-            "[youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc\n",
-            "[youtube] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading webpage\n",
-            "[youtube] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading ios player API JSON\n",
-            "[youtube] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading mweb player API JSON\n",
-            "[youtube] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading player 4e23410d\n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stderr",
-          "text": [
-            "[debug] Saving youtube-nsig.4e23410d to cache\n",
-            "[debug] [youtube] Decrypted nsig TODInL2VkpwBeZYW7 => wBKo3X3nM8BmSA\n",
-            "[debug] Loading youtube-nsig.4e23410d from cache\n",
-            "[debug] [youtube] Decrypted nsig vAeQv-NfW6cUtSuNm => 9nN6xXoPuOaU-A\n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "text": [
-            "[youtube] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading m3u8 information\n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stderr",
-          "text": [
-            "[debug] Sort order given by extractor: quality, res, fps, hdr:12, source, vcodec, channels, acodec, lang, proto\n",
-            "[debug] Formats sorted by: hasvid, ie_pref, quality, res, fps, hdr:12(7), source, vcodec, channels, acodec, lang, proto, size, br, asr, vext, aext, hasaud, id\n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "text": [
-            "[info] UF8uR6Z6KLc: Downloading 1 format(s): 251\n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stderr",
-          "text": [
-            "[debug] Invoking http downloader on \"https://rr1---sn-qxo7rn7r.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?expire=1730771008&ei=4CMpZ4XhJpPBsfIP7deLmAo&ip=35.199.188.39&id=o-APTN0lKEb0Qfe0Jq0HNmcfAnPmHCwQ_vTDUQ-grBegFk&itag=251&source=youtube&requiressl=yes&xpc=EgVo2aDSNQ%3D%3D&met=1730749408%2C&mh=-6&mm=31%2C26&mn=sn-qxo7rn7r%2Csn-a5mekndl&ms=au%2Conr&mv=m&mvi=1&pl=20&rms=au%2Cau&vprv=1&svpuc=1&mime=audio%2Fwebm&rqh=1&gir=yes&clen=11436231&dur=904.241&lmt=1727658751589050&mt=1730749051&fvip=3&keepalive=yes&fexp=51312688%2C51326932&c=IOS&txp=4532434&sparams=expire%2Cei%2Cip%2Cid%2Citag%2Csource%2Crequiressl%2Cxpc%2Cvprv%2Csvpuc%2Cmime%2Crqh%2Cgir%2Cclen%2Cdur%2Clmt&sig=AJfQdSswRAIgdyRaqQwBtuq6sm2qQrZRZtYbW8LoccP0YWy2R9hHK70CIE3HXpRHAOJFUukFaZHGV2uQ-Sk6VmPSgZ74DwmAQICb&lsparams=met%2Cmh%2Cmm%2Cmn%2Cms%2Cmv%2Cmvi%2Cpl%2Crms&lsig=ACJ0pHgwRQIhAI2cNPYa2PUX70RTEbQQjQVfq6JLIv8EL0Te68Yfpqn-AiAOWu5_w37ZFpinBi-6Xt70X5Mdhlv6iviwRj7LeGV7Cg%3D%3D\"\n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "text": [
-            "[download] Destination: Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.webm\n",
-            "[download] 100% of   10.91MiB in 00:00:00 at 22.43MiB/s  \n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stderr",
-          "text": [
-            "[debug] ffmpeg command line: ffprobe -show_streams 'file:Steve Jobs'\"'\"' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.webm'\n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "text": [
-            "[ExtractAudio] Destination: Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.mp3\n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stderr",
-          "text": [
-            "[debug] ffmpeg command line: ffmpeg -y -loglevel repeat+info -i 'file:Steve Jobs'\"'\"' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.webm' -vn -acodec libmp3lame -b:a 192.0k -movflags +faststart 'file:Steve Jobs'\"'\"' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.mp3'\n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "text": [
-            "Deleting original file Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address.webm (pass -k to keep)\n"
-          ]
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "## scikit-learn"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "gHB4HINduElj"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "pip install scikit-learn -U"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "7A1yCVNlutQ_"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": []
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "from sklearn.datasets import make_hastie_10_2\n",
-        "from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier\n",
-        "\n",
-        "X, y = make_hastie_10_2(random_state=0)\n",
-        "clf = GradientBoostingClassifier(n_estimators=100, learning_rate=1.0,\n",
-        "    max_depth=1, random_state=0).fit(X, y)\n",
-        "clf.feature_importances_"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-        },
-        "id": "KVIBZ62euF87",
-        "outputId": "1bc8f2b9-3eae-48c3-b44a-2b5d89d25e7e"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "output_type": "execute_result",
-          "data": {
-            "text/plain": [
-              "array([0.10684213, 0.10461707, 0.11265447, 0.09863589, 0.09469133,\n",
-              "       0.10729306, 0.09163753, 0.09718194, 0.09581415, 0.09063242])"
-            ]
-          },
-          "metadata": {},
-          "execution_count": 11
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "## altair"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "YFoTWdpdu_fV"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "### Heatmap\n",
-        "\n",
-        "Here's how to create a Heatmap."
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "cAno9XZkvOor"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "import altair as alt\n",
-        "import numpy as np\n",
-        "import pandas as pd\n",
-        "\n",
-        "# Compute x^2 + y^2 across a 2D grid\n",
-        "x, y = np.meshgrid(range(-5, 5), range(-5, 5))\n",
-        "z = x ** 2 + y ** 2\n",
-        "\n",
-        "# Convert this grid to columnar data expected by Altair\n",
-        "source = pd.DataFrame({'x': x.ravel(),\n",
-        "                     'y': y.ravel(),\n",
-        "                     'z': z.ravel()})\n",
-        "\n",
-        "alt.Chart(source).mark_rect().encode(\n",
-        "    x='x:O',\n",
-        "    y='y:O',\n",
-        "    color='z:Q'\n",
-        ")"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
-          "height": 262
-        },
-        "id": "7NSe5rKiuG82",
-        "outputId": "c56c460c-5cde-4100-f91e-e1e44ece081f"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "output_type": "execute_result",
-          "data": {
-            "text/html": [
-              "\n",
-              "<div id=\"altair-viz-5c8c3711123143b0907a7fb329ffbbce\"></div>\n",
-              "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n",
-              "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
-              "  (function(spec, embedOpt){\n",
-              "    let outputDiv = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling;\n",
-              "    if (outputDiv.id !== \"altair-viz-5c8c3711123143b0907a7fb329ffbbce\") {\n",
-              "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-5c8c3711123143b0907a7fb329ffbbce\");\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "    const paths = {\n",
-              "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
-              "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
-              "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
-              "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
-              "    };\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
-              "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
-              "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
-              "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
-              "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
-              "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
-              "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
-              "          s.async = true;\n",
-              "          s.onload = () => {\n",
-              "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
-              "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
-              "          };\n",
-              "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
-              "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
-              "        });\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    function showError(err) {\n",
-              "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
-              "      throw err;\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
-              "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
-              "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
-              "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
-              "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
-              "    } else {\n",
-              "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
-              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
-              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
-              "        .catch(showError)\n",
-              "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-1487c93b91dee61ec4c167e470e512f4\"}, \"mark\": \"rect\", \"encoding\": {\"color\": {\"field\": \"z\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}, \"x\": {\"field\": \"x\", \"type\": \"ordinal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"y\", \"type\": \"ordinal\"}}, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-1487c93b91dee61ec4c167e470e512f4\": [{\"x\": -5, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 50}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 41}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 34}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 29}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 26}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 26}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 29}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 34}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": -5, \"z\": 41}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 41}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 32}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 16}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": -4, \"z\": 32}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 34}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 18}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 9}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 18}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": -3, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 29}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 8}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 4}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 8}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": -2, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 26}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 2}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 1}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 2}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": -1, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 16}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 9}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 4}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 1}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 0}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 1}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 4}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 9}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": 0, \"z\": 16}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 26}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 2}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 1}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 2}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": 1, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 29}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 8}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 4}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 5}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 8}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 34}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 18}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 9}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 10}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 13}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 18}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": 3, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -5, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 41}, {\"x\": -4, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 32}, {\"x\": -3, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": -2, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": -1, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": 0, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 16}, {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 17}, {\"x\": 2, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 20}, {\"x\": 3, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 25}, {\"x\": 4, \"y\": 4, \"z\": 32}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
-              "</script>"
-            ],
-            "text/plain": [
-              "alt.Chart(...)"
-            ]
-          },
-          "metadata": {},
-          "execution_count": 12
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "source": [
-        "### Stacked Area Chart"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "1sGwP2h9vaKw"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [
-        "import altair as alt\n",
-        "from vega_datasets import data\n",
-        "\n",
-        "source = data.iowa_electricity()\n",
-        "\n",
-        "alt.Chart(source).mark_area().encode(\n",
-        "    x=\"year:T\",\n",
-        "    y=\"net_generation:Q\",\n",
-        "    color=\"source:N\"\n",
-        ")"
-      ],
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
-          "height": 424
-        },
-        "id": "vDQc_4kLvH8l",
-        "outputId": "0c72c68a-d72e-4564-afe6-253793faf7a8"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "name": "stderr",
-          "text": [
-            "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/altair/utils/core.py:384: FutureWarning: the convert_dtype parameter is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Do ``ser.astype(object).apply()`` instead if you want ``convert_dtype=False``.\n",
-            "  col = df[col_name].apply(to_list_if_array, convert_dtype=False)\n"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "output_type": "execute_result",
-          "data": {
-            "text/html": [
-              "\n",
-              "<div id=\"altair-viz-b095170935ce4f0fbd49be2a5b595470\"></div>\n",
-              "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n",
-              "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
-              "  (function(spec, embedOpt){\n",
-              "    let outputDiv = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling;\n",
-              "    if (outputDiv.id !== \"altair-viz-b095170935ce4f0fbd49be2a5b595470\") {\n",
-              "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-b095170935ce4f0fbd49be2a5b595470\");\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "    const paths = {\n",
-              "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
-              "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
-              "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
-              "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
-              "    };\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
-              "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
-              "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
-              "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
-              "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
-              "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
-              "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
-              "          s.async = true;\n",
-              "          s.onload = () => {\n",
-              "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
-              "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
-              "          };\n",
-              "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
-              "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
-              "        });\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    function showError(err) {\n",
-              "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
-              "      throw err;\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
-              "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
-              "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "\n",
-              "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
-              "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
-              "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
-              "    } else {\n",
-              "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
-              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
-              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
-              "        .catch(showError)\n",
-              "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
-              "    }\n",
-              "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-bb61008ba0c766c5601afa5323d12ad4\"}, \"mark\": \"area\", \"encoding\": {\"color\": {\"field\": \"source\", \"type\": \"nominal\"}, \"x\": {\"field\": \"year\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"net_generation\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-bb61008ba0c766c5601afa5323d12ad4\": [{\"year\": \"2001-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 35361}, {\"year\": \"2002-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 35991}, {\"year\": \"2003-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 36234}, {\"year\": \"2004-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 36205}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 36883}, {\"year\": \"2006-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 37014}, {\"year\": \"2007-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 41389}, {\"year\": \"2008-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 42734}, {\"year\": \"2009-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 38620}, {\"year\": \"2010-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 42750}, {\"year\": \"2011-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 39361}, {\"year\": \"2012-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 37379}, {\"year\": \"2013-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 34873}, {\"year\": \"2014-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 35250}, {\"year\": \"2015-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 32319}, {\"year\": \"2016-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 28437}, {\"year\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Fossil Fuels\", \"net_generation\": 29329}, {\"year\": \"2001-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 3853}, {\"year\": \"2002-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4574}, {\"year\": \"2003-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 3988}, {\"year\": \"2004-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4929}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4538}, {\"year\": \"2006-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5095}, {\"year\": \"2007-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4519}, {\"year\": \"2008-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5282}, {\"year\": \"2009-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4679}, {\"year\": \"2010-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4451}, {\"year\": \"2011-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5215}, {\"year\": \"2012-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4347}, {\"year\": \"2013-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5321}, {\"year\": \"2014-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4152}, {\"year\": \"2015-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5243}, {\"year\": \"2016-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 4703}, {\"year\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Nuclear Energy\", \"net_generation\": 5214}, {\"year\": \"2001-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 1437}, {\"year\": \"2002-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 1963}, {\"year\": \"2003-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 1885}, {\"year\": \"2004-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 2102}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 2724}, {\"year\": \"2006-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 3364}, {\"year\": \"2007-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 3870}, {\"year\": \"2008-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 5070}, {\"year\": \"2009-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 8560}, {\"year\": \"2010-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 10308}, {\"year\": \"2011-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 11795}, {\"year\": \"2012-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 14949}, {\"year\": \"2013-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 16476}, {\"year\": \"2014-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 17452}, {\"year\": \"2015-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 19091}, {\"year\": \"2016-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 21241}, {\"year\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"source\": \"Renewables\", \"net_generation\": 21933}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
-              "</script>"
-            ],
-            "text/plain": [
-              "alt.Chart(...)"
-            ]
-          },
-          "metadata": {},
-          "execution_count": 13
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "source": [],
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "xZ2fN6SLvMYe"
-      },
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "outputs": []
-    }
-  ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file

From b99bda9287a8f3c69d00f6fdd9f8f2bd2f68542c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chanin Nantasenamat <51851491+dataprofessor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:23:20 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index dd32105..520d3f4 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -9,3 +9,5 @@ Folder | Description
 [shiny](https://github.com/dataprofessor/code/tree/master/shiny) | Codes for building *web applications* in R with *shiny* package.
 
 > Note: More to come. Please stay tuned!
+
+<iframe src="https://embeds.beehiiv.com/86bc34d8-cba0-46bf-8a88-930adb8ecbb8?slim=true" data-test-id="beehiiv-embed" height="52" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="margin: 0; border-radius: 0px !important; background-color: transparent;"></iframe>

From 1abd57fef5503f6d2693913e23cb268a5ad97e5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chanin Nantasenamat <51851491+dataprofessor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:24:48 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 520d3f4..be0cfe5 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ Folder | Description
 
 > Note: More to come. Please stay tuned!
 
-<iframe src="https://embeds.beehiiv.com/86bc34d8-cba0-46bf-8a88-930adb8ecbb8?slim=true" data-test-id="beehiiv-embed" height="52" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="margin: 0; border-radius: 0px !important; background-color: transparent;"></iframe>
+** Subscribe to my Newsletter:** https://dataprofessor.beehiiv.com/

From 820a84022d66523efce6260ab2fd2e1b68f0a599 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chanin Nantasenamat <51851491+dataprofessor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:25:10 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index be0cfe5..2139429 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ Folder | Description
 
 > Note: More to come. Please stay tuned!
 
-** Subscribe to my Newsletter:** https://dataprofessor.beehiiv.com/
+**Subscribe to my Newsletter:** https://dataprofessor.beehiiv.com/

From d05a1b139d03880269634926a2ca7d45538b1cbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chanin Nantasenamat <51851491+dataprofessor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:25:58 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] Add sparkle emoji to newsletter subscription line

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2139429..957e9e5 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ Folder | Description
 
 > Note: More to come. Please stay tuned!
 
-**Subscribe to my Newsletter:** https://dataprofessor.beehiiv.com/
+✨ **Subscribe to my Newsletter:** https://dataprofessor.beehiiv.com/