# 1.
Create a string and print it
s = "Hello, Python!"
print("Original string:", s)
# 2. Indexing and slicing
print("Character at index 1:", s[1]) # indexing
print("Substring from index 0 to 5:", s[0:5]) # slicing
print("Last character:", s[-1]) # negative indexing
# 3. Concatenate two strings
s2 = " Welcome!"
concatenated = s + s2
print("Concatenated string:", concatenated)
# 4. Repeat a string 4 times
repeated = s * 4
print("Repeated string:", repeated)
# 5. Check if a substring exists in the string
substring = "Python"
if substring in s:
print(f"'{substring}' exists in the string.")
else:
print(f"'{substring}' does NOT exist in the string.")
# 1. Create a list of 10 integers and print it
list1 = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
print("Original List:", list1)
# 2. Indexing and slicing
print("Element at index 3:", list1[3]) # Single element
print("Sliced list (index 2 to 6):", list1[2:7]) # Sublist
# 3. Concatenate two lists
list2 = [110, 120, 130]
concatenated_list = list1 + list2
print("Concatenated List:", concatenated_list)
# 4. Repeat a list 4 times
repeated_list = list2 * 4
print("Repeated List (list2 * 4):", repeated_list)
# 5. Add new elements to the list
[Link](200) # Add a single element
[Link]([300, 400]) # Add multiple elements
[Link](2, 15) # Insert element at index 2
print("List after adding elements:", list1)
# 1. Create a tuple of 10 integers and print it
tuple1 = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100)
print("Original Tuple:", tuple1)
# 2. Indexing and slicing
print("Element at index 3:", tuple1[3])
print("Slice from index 2 to 6:", tuple1[2:7])
# 3. Concatenate two tuples
tuple2 = (110, 120, 130)
concat_tuple = tuple1 + tuple2
print("Concatenated Tuple:", concat_tuple)
# 4. Repeat a tuple 4 times
repeated_tuple = tuple2 * 4
print("Tuple repeated 4 times:", repeated_tuple)
# 5. Find the index of an element in the tuple
element = 70
index_of_element = [Link](element)
print(f"Index of element {element}:", index_of_element)
# 6. Count the occurrences of an element
count_element = 30
count_of_element = [Link](count_element)
print(f"Count of element {count_element}:", count_of_element)
# 1. Create a dictionary with key-value pairs and print it
student = {
"name": "John",
"age": 20,
"course": "Computer Science",
"grade": "A"
print("Original Dictionary:", student)
# 2. Add a new key-value pair to the dictionary
student["city"] = "New York"
print("\nAfter Adding New Key-Value Pair:", student)
# 3. Remove a key-value pair using del
del student["grade"]
print("\nAfter Removing 'grade' Using del:", student)
# 3 (continued). Remove a key-value pair using pop()
removed_value = [Link]("age")
print("\nAfter Removing 'age' Using pop():", student)
print("Removed Value:", removed_value)
# 4. Access the value of a key in the dictionary
print("\nAccessing Value of 'course':", student["course"])
# 5. Check if a key exists in the dictionary
key_to_check = "name"
if key_to_check in student:
print(f"\nKey '{key_to_check}' exists in the dictionary.")
else:
print(f"\nKey '{key_to_check}' does not exist in the dictionary.")
# -------------------- SET OPERATIONS --------------------
print("----- SET OPERATIONS -----")
# 1. Create a set and print it
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
print("Original Set:", set1)
# 2. Add and remove elements
[Link](6)
print("After add(6):", set1)
[Link](3) # raises error if element not present
print("After remove(3):", set1)
[Link](10) # does not raise error if element not present
print("After discard(10):", set1)
# 3. Set union, intersection, difference, symmetric difference
set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
print("Set2:", set2)
print("Union:", set1 | set2) # or [Link](set2)
print("Intersection:", set1 & set2) # or [Link](set2)
print("Difference (set1 - set2):", set1 - set2) # elements in set1 not in set2
print("Symmetric Difference:", set1 ^ set2) # elements in set1 or set2 but not both
# 4. Subset and superset
print("set1 is subset of set2?", set1 <= set2)
print("set1 is superset of set2?", set1 >= set2)
# 5. Check if element is present
element = 4
print(f"Is {element} in set1?", element in set1)
# -------------------- LINEAR SEARCH --------------------
print("\n----- LINEAR SEARCH -----")
def linear_search(arr, key):
for i in range(len(arr)):
if arr[i] == key:
return i
return -1
arr = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
key = 30
index = linear_search(arr, key)
if index != -1:
print(f"Element {key} found at index {index}")
else:
print(f"Element {key} not found")
# -------------------- BINARY SEARCH (Iterative) --------------------
print("\n----- BINARY SEARCH -----")
def binary_search(arr, key):
low = 0
high = len(arr) - 1
while low <= high:
mid = (low + high) // 2
if arr[mid] == key:
return mid
elif arr[mid] < key:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid - 1
return -1
sorted_arr = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50] # must be sorted
key = 40
index = binary_search(sorted_arr, key)
if index != -1:
print(f"Element {key} found at index {index} (Binary Search)")
else:
print(f"Element {key} not found (Binary Search)")
# 1. Create a list of the first 20 even numbers
even_numbers = [i*2 for i in range(1, 21)]
print("First 20 even numbers:", even_numbers)
# 2. Create a list of numbers from 1 to 5 and find their squares
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squares = [x**2 for x in numbers]
print("Squares of numbers 1 to 5:", squares)
# 3. Create a list of the first 5 odd numbers
odd_numbers = [2*i - 1 for i in range(1, 6)]
print("First 5 odd numbers:", odd_numbers)
# 4. Create a list of numbers from 1 to 5 and multiply each number by 3
multiplied_by_3 = [x*3 for x in numbers]
print("Numbers 1 to 5 multiplied by 3:", multiplied_by_3)
# 5. Create a list to double each element in a given list
original_list = [10, 20, 30, 40]
doubled_list = [x*2 for x in original_list]
print("Doubled elements:", doubled_list)
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squares = [x**2 for x in numbers]
print(squares)
cubes = [x**3 for x in range(1, 10+1)]
print(cubes)
squares_even = [x**2 for x in range(1, 21) if x % 2 == 0]
print(squares_even)
numbers = [3, 6, 9, 12]
doubled = [x * 2 for x in numbers]
print(doubled)
Here are all the lambda function programs you asked for — simple, clear, and ready to run:
✅ 1. Use a lambda function to find the sum of first 10 numbers
sum_10 = lambda: sum(range(1, 11))
print(sum_10())
✅ 2. Lambda to check if a number is negative
is_negative = lambda x: x < 0
print(is_negative(-5))
✅ 3. Lambda to check if a number is positive
is_positive = lambda x: x > 0
print(is_positive(10))
✅ 4. Lambda to return the length of a string
str_length = lambda s: len(s)
print(str_length("Hello"))
✅ 5. Lambda to add 1 to each element in the list [2, 4, 6, 8]
numbers = [2, 4, 6, 8]
add_one = list(map(lambda x: x + 1, numbers))
print(add_one)
✅ 6. Lambda to check if a number is less than 5
less_than_5 = lambda x: x < 5
print(less_than__5(3))
More Lambda Functions (Set 2)
✅ 1. Lambda to check if a number is odd
is_odd = lambda x: x % 2 != 0
print(is_odd(7))
✅ 2. Lambda to subtract 5 from a number
subtract_5 = lambda x: x - 5
print(subtract_5(20))
✅ 3. Lambda to check if a number is greater than 10
greater_than_10 = lambda x: x > 10
print(greater_than_10(12))
✅ 4. Lambda to check if a number is divisible by 3
div_by_3 = lambda x: x % 3 == 0
print(div_by_3(9))
✅ 5. Lambda to find the sum of two numbers
sum_two = lambda a, b: a + b
print(sum_two(5, 7))
✅ 6. Lambda to check if a number is less than 15
less_than_15 = lambda x: x < 15
print(less_than_15(10))
If you want, I can combine all these into one single program for your notes or practical file!
# Print numbers from 1 to 10 using a for loop
print("Numbers from 1 to 10:")
for i in range(1, 11):
print(i)
# Take integer input from the user
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
# Check if the number is positive, negative, or zero
if num > 0:
print("Positive")
elif num < 0:
print("Negative")
else:
print("Zero")
Here are all the Python programs you requested — clear, correct, and
ready to use.
✅ 1. Program to check EVEN or
ODD
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num % 2 == 0:
print("Even")
else:
print("Odd")
✅ 2. Program to print all odd
numbers between 1 and 20
for i in range(1, 21):
if i % 2 != 0:
print(i)
✅ 3. Program to print pattern
Pattern:
*
**
***
****
for i in range(1, 5):
print("*" * i)
✅ 4. Program to print all odd
numbers between 1 and 20
(again)
for i in range(1, 21):
if i % 2 != 0:
print(i)
✅ 5. Program to print pattern
Pattern:
1
12
123
1234
12345
for i in range(1, 6):
for j in range(1, i + 1):
print(j, end="")
print()
✅ 6. Program to print numbers
from 10 down to 1
for i in range(10, 0, -1):
print(i)
If you want, I can combine all programs into one single Python file for your
notes!
import math
import random
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# 1. Print numbers from 10 down to 1
# -----------------------------------------------------------
print("Numbers from 10 down to 1:")
for i in range(10, 0, -1):
print(i)
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# 2. Math Functions
# -----------------------------------------------------------
x = 16
y=4
print("\nMath Functions:")
print("Square Root:", [Link](x))
print("Factorial:", [Link](y))
print("Power (x^y):", [Link](2, 5))
print("GCD of 20 and 8:", [Link](20, 8))
print("Round 3.14159 to 2 decimals:", round(3.14159, 2))
# Trigonometric
angle = 30
rad = [Link](angle)
print("\nTrigonometric Functions:")
print("sin(30°):", [Link](rad))
print("cos(30°):", [Link](rad))
print("tan(30°):", [Link](rad))
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# 3. Random Module Examples
# -----------------------------------------------------------
print("\nRandom Module Examples:")
print("Random Integer (1 to 10):", [Link](1, 10))
print("Random Float between 0 and 1:", [Link]())
print("Random Float between 0 and 50:", [Link](0, 50))
my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print("Random Choice:", [Link](my_list))
[Link](my_list)
print("Shuffled List:", my_list)
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# 4. Function for addition and difference (default + positional)
# -----------------------------------------------------------
def add_diff(a, b=5):
add = a + b
diff = a - b
return add, diff
print("\nAddition and Difference (using default & positional arguments):")
print(add_diff(10)) # b defaults to 5
print(add_diff(10, 3)) # both positional
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# 5. Function using keyword arguments
# -----------------------------------------------------------
def multiply(a, b, c):
return a * b * c
print("\nProduct using keyword arguments:")
print(multiply(a=12, b=23, c=34))
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# 6. Function using *args to find maximum
# -----------------------------------------------------------
def find_maximum(*args):
return max(args)
print("\nMaximum using *args:")
print(find_maximum(10, 50, 2, 99, 34))
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# 7. Function using **kwargs to print key-value pairs
# -----------------------------------------------------------
def summarize(**kwargs):
print("\nSummary of keyword arguments:")
for key, value in [Link]():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
summarize(name="John", age=25, country="India")
Below is all the code you requested, written clearly and ready for your practical file.
I will provide:
✅ 1. Function using *args and **kwargs for addition
✅ 2. Package: math_operations ([Link], [Link]) + script
✅ 3. Package: geometric_shapes ([Link]) + script
✅ 4. Package: calculator (basic_operations.py, advanced_operations.py) +
script
✅ 5. While-loop program to sum first n even numbers
✅ **1. Function using *args and
kwargs to perform addition
def add_numbers(*args, **kwargs):
result = 0
for num in args:
result += num
for key, value in [Link]():
result += value
return result
# Example usage
print(add_numbers(2, 4, a=3, b=5)) # Output = 14
✅ 2. Package: math_operations
Folder structure:
math_operations/
__init__.py
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
def add(a, b):
return a + b
[Link]
def subtract(a, b):
return a - b
[Link]
from math_operations.addition import add
from math_operations.subtraction import subtract
print("Addition:", add(10, 5))
print("Subtraction:", subtract(10, 5))
✅ 3. Package: geometric_shapes
Folder structure:
geometric_shapes/
__init__.py
[Link]
triangle_test.py
[Link]
def area(base, height):
return 0.5 * base * height
triangle_test.py
from geometric_shapes.triangle import area
print("Area of triangle:", area(10, 5))
✅ 4. Package: calculator
Folder structure:
calculator/
__init__.py
basic_operations.py
advanced_operations.py
calc_test.py
basic_operations.py
def add(a, b):
return a + b
def subtract(a, b):
return a - b
advanced_operations.py
import math
def square_root(x):
return [Link](x)
def power(x, y):
return [Link](x, y)
calc_test.py
from calculator.basic_operations import add, subtract
from calculator.advanced_operations import square_root, power
print("Add:", add(10, 20))
print("Subtract:", subtract(20, 5))
print("Square Root:", square_root(49))
print("Power:", power(2, 5))
✅ 5. Program: Sum of first n even
numbers using a while loop
n = int(input("Enter a positive integer: "))
sum_even = 0
count = 1
even_number = 2
while count <= n:
sum_even += even_number
even_number += 2
count += 1
print("Sum of first", n, "even numbers is:", sum_even)
If you want, I can combine everything into a single PDF practical file or
create the folders and scripts automatically.
Here are all the programs, neatly divided into sections, ready for your
practical file.
Everything is correct, simple, and beginner-friendly.
✅ LIST COMPREHENSION
PROGRAMS
1. Create a list of numbers from 1 to 5
numbers = [x for x in range(1, 6)]
print(numbers)
2. Create a list of squares for the numbers 2, 3, and 4
squares = [x**2 for x in [2, 3, 4]]
print(squares)
3. First 5 numbers divisible by 2
evens = [x for x in range(1, 11) if x % 2 == 0]
print(evens)
4. Multiply each number in [1, 2, 3] by 3
result = [x * 3 for x in [1, 2, 3]]
print(result)
5. Add 5 to each number in list from 1 to 5
added = [x + 5 for x in range(1, 6)]
print(added)
✅ FILE HANDLING PROGRAMS
(Basic)
1. Write “Hello, World!” to [Link]
file1 = open("[Link]", "w")
[Link]("Hello, World!")
[Link]()
2. Read and print contents of [Link]
file = open("[Link]", "r")
content = [Link]()
print(content)
[Link]()
✅ FILE HANDLING USING with open()
1. Write to [Link]
with open("[Link]", "w") as f:
[Link]("Hello, World! Good Morning")
2. Copy content from [Link] → [Link]
with open("[Link]", "r") as src:
data = [Link]()
with open("[Link]", "w") as dest:
[Link](data)
✅ EXCEPTION HANDLING
PROGRAMS
1. Division with ZeroDivisionError
try:
a = float(input("Enter numerator: "))
b = float(input("Enter denominator: "))
result = a / b
print("Result:", result)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Error: Cannot divide by zero!")
2. Division with ValueError Handling
try:
a = float(input("Enter first number: "))
b = float(input("Enter second number: "))
print("Result:", a / b)
except ValueError:
print("Error: Please enter numeric values only!")
3. Handle IndexError
lst = [10, 20, 30]
try:
index = int(input("Enter index: "))
print("Value:", lst[index])
except IndexError:
print("Error: Index out of range!")
4. ZeroDivisionError Again (Repeated Requirement)
try:
x = float(input("Enter numerator: "))
y = float(input("Enter denominator: "))
print("Division:", x / y)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be zero!")
✅ ELIF LADDER – STUDENT GRADE
marks = int(input("Enter marks: "))
if marks >= 90:
print("Grade A")
elif marks >= 80:
print("Grade B")
elif marks >= 70:
print("Grade C")
elif marks >= 60:
print("Grade D")
else:
print("Grade F")
✅ IF–ELIF–ELSE – AGE GROUP
age = int(input("Enter age: "))
if age < 13:
print("Child")
elif age <= 19:
print("Teenager")
elif age <= 59:
print("Adult")
else:
print("Senior Citizen")
✅ SKIP MULTIPLES OF 5 (1 to 100)
for i in range(1, 101):
if i % 5 == 0:
continue
print(i)
If you want, I can combine ALL these into one clean practical PDF or
DOCX file for submission.
