Python Basic Programs

# print statement to display hello world

print("Hello world!")
Hello world!

# To display your name with spaces

name = "shabana"
print("Hai", name)
Hai shabana

#To display your name with out spaces

name= "Shabana!"
print("Hello"+name, "Welcome to scientic programming")
HelloShabana! Welcome to scientic programming

# To find python version

import sys
print([Link])
3.10.9 | packaged by Anaconda, Inc. | (main, Mar 1 2023, [Link]) [MSC v.1916
64 bit (AMD64)]

#python uses indentation to indicate a block of code

if 5>2:
print("5 is greater than 2")
5 is greater than 2

# if no indentation will get error, atleast 4 spaces required. More than one is
preferable
if 5>2:
print("5 is greater than 2")
5 is greater than 2

if 5>2:
print("5 is greater than 2")
5 is greater than 2

if 5 > 2:
 print("Five is greater than two!")
if 5 > 2:
print("Five is greater than two!")
Five is greater than two!
Five is greater than two!

#use the same number of spaces in the same block of code, otherwise Python will
give you an error:
if 5 > 2:
print("Five is greater than two!")
print("Five is greater than two!")
Five is greater than two!
Five is greater than two!

#assigning values to the variables

x=5
y = "Shabana"
print(x)
print(y)
5
Shabana

# single line comment

"""this
is
multi_line
comment"""

print("Hello World!");
print("Have a good day.");
# multi statements & semicolons are optional in python
print("Learning Python is fun!");
Hello World!
Have a good day.
Learning Python is fun!
#You can write multiple statements on one line by separating them with ;
print("Hello"); print("How are you?"); print("Bye bye!")
Hello
How are you?
Bye bye!

#Two statements on the same line without a separator (newline or ;), Python will
give an error:
print("Python is fun!");print("Really!")
Python is fun!
Really!

#You can use either " double quotes or ' single quotes:
print("This will work!")
print('This will also work!')
This will work!
This will also work!

#if you forget to put the text inside quotes, Python will give an error:
print(This will cause an error)
Cell In[25], line 2
print(This will cause an error)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?
"""By default, the print() function ends with a new line.
If you want to print multiple words on the same line, you can use the end
parameter"""

print("Hello World!", end=" ")

print("I will print on the same line.")
Hello World! I will print on the same line.

print(3)
print("shabana")
print(3+10)
print(3.5)
name = "Shabana!"
age = 40
print(f"Hello {name} {age} years old")
print("I am shabana", 35, "years old")
3
shabana
13
3.5
Hello Shabana! 40 years old
I am shabana 35 years old

x=10
x="shabana"
print(x)
shabana

x=int(3)
y=str(3)
z=float(3)
print(x,y,z)
3 3 3.0

x=3
y="shabana"
z=3.5
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))
<class 'int'>
<class 'str'>
<class 'float'>

x="shabana"
X="shabana"
print(x)
print(X)
shabana
shabana

x="shabana"
x='Shabana'
print(x)
Shabana

x=4
X="shabana"
print(x)
print(X)
4
shabana

x="shabana"
y="sha"
z="ssss"
print(x,y,z)
shabana sha ssss

a = 15
b = 12
res = a + b
print(res)

# taking user input

a = input("First number: ")
b = input("Second number: ")
res = float(a) + float(b) # converting input to float and adding
print(res)

res = lambda a, b: a + b
print(res(10, 5))

import operator
print([Link](10, 5))
print(sum([10, 5]))
a=7
b=3
print(max(a, b))

a=7
b=3
print(a if a > b else b) # using ternary operator

# program to add two numbers

a=int(input("Enter first number:"))
b=int(input("Enter second number:"))
sum=a+b
print("Sum=", sum)

Enter first number:12

Enter second number:24
Sum= 36

#program to perform arithmatic operations

a=int(input("Enter first number:"))
b=int(input("Enter second number:"))
print("Sum=", a+b)
print("Sub=", a-b)
print("Mul=", a*b)
print("Div=", a/b)
print("Mod=", a%b)
#print("\n")
print(f"sum= {a} + {b} = {a+b}")

Enter first number:10

Enter second number:20
Sum= 30
Sub= -10
Mul= 200
Div= 0.5
Mod= 10
sum= 10 + 20 = 30

#square root of a given number

import math
a=float(input("Enter a number:"))
sqrt = [Link](a)
print("Square of a given number:",sqrt)

Enter a number:2
Square of a given number: 1.4142135623730951

"""python program to find area of a triangle

perimeter s = (a+b+c)/2
area = √(s(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))"""

import math

a=float(input("Enter first number:"))

b=float(input("Enter second number:"))
c=float(input("Enter third number:"))

s=(a+b+c)/2
print("perimeter =", s)

area=[Link]((s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c)))
print("The area of the triangle is %0.2f" %area)

Enter first number:1

Enter second number:2
Enter third number:3
perimeter = 3.0
The area of the triangle is 0.00
#program to find area of right-angled triangle (1/2)*base*height
b=float(input("Enter first number:"))
h=float(input("Enter second number:"))
area=b*h*0.5
print("Area of right-angled triangle: %0.3f" %area)

Enter first number:45

Enter second number:33
Area of right-angled triangle: 742.500

""" program to solve quadratic equation

ax2 + bx + c = 0, where
a, b and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0

The solutions of this quadratic equation is given by:

(-b ± (b ** 2 - 4 * a * c) ** 0.5) / (2 * a)"""

import cmath

a=float(input("Enter first number:"))

b=float(input("Enter second number:"))
c=float(input("Enter third number:"))

t=(b*b)-(4*a*c)
sol1= (-b+[Link](t))/(2*a)
sol2= (-[Link](t))/(2*a)

print("quadratic roots are {0} and {1}:" .format (sol1,sol2))

#print('The solution are {0} and {1}'.format(sol1,sol2))

Enter first number:1

Enter second number:5
Enter third number:6
quadratic roots are (-2+0j) and (-3+0j):

# program to swap two variables

a=int(input("Enter first number:"))

b=int(input("Enter second number:"))

print("Before swapping:")
print("a=", a, "b=", b)

temp=a
a=b
b=temp

print("After swapping:")
print("a=", a, "b=", b)

Enter first number:345

Enter second number:234
Before swapping:
a= 345 b= 234
After swapping:
a= 234 b= 345
#swap with XOR
a=24
b=50
print("Before swapping:")
print("a=", a, "b=", b)

a = a ^ b # Step 1: XOR and store in a

b = a ^ b # Step 2: XOR again to get original a in b
a = a ^ b # Step 3: XOR again to get original b in a

print("After swapping:")
print("a=", a, "b=", b)

Before swapping:
a= 24 b= 50
After swapping:
a= 50 b= 24

#swap with out 3rd variable

a=24
b=50

print("Before swapping:")
print("a=", a, "b=", b)

a = a + b # sum stored in a
b = a - b # original a stored in b
a = a - b # original b stored in a

print("After swapping:")
print("a=", a, "b=", b)
Before swapping:
a= 24 b= 50
After swapping:
a= 50 b= 24
#Python (Tuple Unpacking)
a=24
b=50

print("Before swapping:")
print("a=", a, "b=", b)

a,b=b,a

print("After swapping:")
print("a=", a, "b=", b)

Before swapping:
a= 24 b= 50
After swapping:
a= 50 b= 24

#Simple Interest
p = float(input("Principal: "))
r = float(input("Rate: "))
t = float(input("Time: "))
si = (p * r * t) / 100
print("Simple Interest =", si)

Principal: 3
Rate: 4
Time: 5
Simple Interest = 0.6

# Generate a random number

import random
print(f"random number:{[Link](1,100)}")

random number:57

#program to conver km to miles 1km=0.621371 miles

km=float(input("Enter distance in kms:"))
miles=km*0.621371
print(f" conversion of {km} kilometers to {miles} miles")

Enter distance in kms:100

conversion of 100.0 kilometers to 62.137100000000004 miles

#conversion of foreign heat to celcius c=(f-32)*(5/9)

f=float(input("Enter foreign heat value:"))

print(f" conversion of {f} value into Celcius is {(f-32)*(5/9)}")

Enter foreign heat value:98.6

conversion of 98.6 value into Celcius is 37.0

#Simple Interest
p = float(input("Principal: "))
r = float(input("Rate: "))
t = float(input("Time: "))
si = (p * r * t) / 100
print("Simple Interest =", si)

Principal: 1000
Rate: 2
Time: 4
Simple Interest = 80.0

#Compound Interest
p = float(input("Principal: "))
r = float(input("Rate (%)): "))
t = float(input("Time (years): "))
amount = p * (1 + r/100) ** t
ci = amount - p
print("Compound Interest =", ci)

Principal: 1000
Rate (%)): 3
Time (years): 4
Compound Interest = 125.50881000000004

#Factorial of a number
n = int(input("Enter number: "))
fact = 1
for i in range(1, n+1):
fact = fact * i
print("Factorial =", fact)

Enter number: 6
Factorial = 720

# odd numbers less than 40

li=[12,3,23,45,57,79]
res=print([x for x in li if x%2!=0 and x<40])
print(res)

[3, 23]

#Even or Odd
n = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if n % 2 == 0:
print("Even")
else:
print("Odd")
Enter a number: 22
Even

#Vowel or Consonant
ch = input("Enter a character: ")
if [Link]() in "aeiou":
print("Vowel")
else:
print("Consonant")

Enter a character: C
Consonant

#Leap Year
year = int(input("Enter year: "))

if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):

print("Leap Year")
else:
print("Not a Leap Year")
Enter year: 2001
Not a Leap Year

#Divisible by 5 and 11

n = int(input("Enter number: "))

if n % 5 == 0 and n % 11 == 0:
print("Divisible by 5 and 11")
else:
print("Not divisible by 5 and 11")
Enter number: 52
Not divisible by 5 and 11

#Grade Calculation

marks = int(input("Enter marks: "))

if 90 <= marks <= 100:

print("Grade A")
elif 80 <= marks <= 89:
print("Grade B")
elif 70 <= marks <= 79:
print("Grade C")
elif 60 <= marks <= 69:
print("Grade D")
else:
print("Grade F")
Enter marks: 95
Grade A

#Valid Triangle

a = int(input("Enter side1: "))

b = int(input("Enter side2: "))
c = int(input("Enter side3: "))

if a+b>c and a+c>b and b+c>a:

print("Valid Triangle")
else:
print("Invalid Triangle")

Enter side1: 1
Enter side2: 2
Enter side3: 3
Invalid Triangle

#Simple Calculator

a = float(input("Enter first number: "))

b = float(input("Enter second number: "))
op = input("Enter operator (+,-,*,/): ")

if op == '+':
 print("Result:", a+b)
elif op == '-':
print("Result:", a-b)
elif op == '*':
print("Result:", a*b)
elif op == '/':
print("Result:", a/b)
else:
print("Invalid operator")

#Multiple of 3 or 7
n = int(input("Enter number: "))
if n % 3 == 0 or n % 7 == 0:
print("Multiple of 3 or 7")
else:
print("Not a multiple of 3 or 7")

#Smallest of Three Numbers

a = int(input("Enter first number: "))

b = int(input("Enter second number: "))
c = int(input("Enter third number: "))

if a <= b and a <= c:

print("Smallest:", a)
elif b <= a and b <= c:
print("Smallest:", b)
else:
print("Smallest:", c)

#Voting Eligibility

age = int(input("Enter age: "))

if age >= 18:
 print("Eligible to vote")
else:
print("Not eligible to vote")

#Type of Triangle

a = int(input("Enter side1: "))

b = int(input("Enter side2: "))
c = int(input("Enter side3: "))

if a == b == c:
print("Equilateral")
elif a == b or b == c or a == c:
print("Isosceles")
else:
print("Scalene")

#Character Type

ch = input("Enter character: ")

if [Link]():
print("Uppercase")
elif [Link]():
print("Lowercase")
elif [Link]():
print("Digit")
else:
print("Special Character")

#Day of Week
n = int(input("Enter number (1-7): "))

days =
["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday"]

if 1 <= n <= 7:
print(days[n-1])
else:
print("Invalid input")

#Temperature Conversion

temp = float(input("Enter temperature: "))

unit = input("Enter unit (C/F): ")

if [Link]() == 'C':
f = (temp * 9/5) + 32
print("Fahrenheit:", f)
elif [Link]() == 'F':
c = (temp - 32) * 5/9
print("Celsius:", c)
else:
print("Invalid unit")

# Positive, Negative, or Zero**

n = float(input("Enter a number: "))

if n > 0:
print("Positive")
elif n < 0:
print("Negative")
else:
print("Zero")
#Roots of Quadratic Equation
import math

a = float(input("Enter a: "))
b = float(input("Enter b: "))
c = float(input("Enter c: "))

d = b*b - 4*a*c

if d > 0:
r1 = (-b + [Link](d))/(2*a)
r2 = (-b - [Link](d))/(2*a)
print("Two real roots:", r1, r2)
elif d == 0:
r = -b/(2*a)
print("One real root:", r)
else:
print("No real roots")

#Electricity Bill

units = int(input("Enter units: "))

if units <= 100:

bill = units * 5
elif units <= 200:
bill = 100*5 + (units-100)*7
else:
bill = 100*5 + 100*7 + (units-200)*10

print("Total Bill:", bill)

#Armstrong Number

n = int(input("Enter 3-digit number: "))

temp = n
sum = 0

while temp > 0:

digit = temp % 10
sum += digit**3
temp //= 10

if sum == n:
print("Armstrong Number")
else:
print("Not Armstrong")

#Positive and Even

n = int(input("Enter number: "))

if n > 0 and n % 2 == 0:
print("Positive and Even")
else:
print("Condition not satisfied")

#Alphabet, Digit or Special

ch = input("Enter character: ")

if [Link]():
print("Alphabet")
elif [Link]():
print("Digit")
else:
print("Special Symbol")

#Oldest and Youngest

a = int(input("Age of person1: "))

b = int(input("Age of person2: "))
c = int(input("Age of person3: "))

print("Oldest:", max(a,b,c))
print("Youngest:", min(a,b,c))

#Bonus Calculation

salary = float(input("Enter salary: "))

exp = int(input("Enter years of experience: "))

if exp > 5:
bonus = salary * 0.05
print("Bonus:", bonus)
else:
print("No bonus")

#Century Year

year = int(input("Enter year: "))

if year % 100 == 0:
print("Century Year")
else:
print("Not a Century Year")

#Profit or Loss

cp = float(input("Enter Cost Price: "))

sp = float(input("Enter Selling Price: "))

if sp > cp:
print("Profit:", sp-cp)
elif cp > sp:
print("Loss:", cp-sp)
else:
 print("No Profit No Loss")

#Square or Rectangle

l = float(input("Enter length: "))

b = float(input("Enter breadth: "))

if l == b:
print("Square")
else:
print("Rectangle")

#Determine Input Type

x = input("Enter something: ")

try:
val = int(x)
print("Integer")
except:
try:
val = float(x)
print("Float")
except:
print("String")

#Number to Words (1-5)

n = int(input("Enter number (1-5): "))

words = {1:"One",2:"Two",3:"Three",4:"Four",5:"Five"}

if n in words:
print(words[n])
else:
print("Invalid number")
#Right-Angled Triangle

a = int(input("Enter side1: "))

b = int(input("Enter side2: "))
c = int(input("Enter side3: "))
sides = sorted([a,b,c])

if sides[0]**2 + sides[1]**2 == sides[2]**2:

print("Right-Angled Triangle")
else:
print("Not a Right-Angled Triangle")

#Display elements between 10 and 40 in a list

arr = [5, 12, 45, 60, 9, 30]
result = [x for x in arr if x > 10 and x < 40]
print(result)

x=float(1)
y=float(2.3)
z=float(4.56)
print(x);print(y);print(z)

1.0
2.3
4.56

a = "Hello, World!"
print(len(a))
print(a[1])
13
e

for x in "shabana":
print(x)
s
h
a
b
a
n
a
txt = "The best things in life are free!"
print("free" in txt)
if "free" in txt:
print("Yes, 'free' is present.")

True
Yes, 'free' is present.

txt = "The best things in life are free!"

print("expensive" not in txt)
if "expensive" not in txt:
print("No, 'expensive' is NOT present.")

True
No, 'expensive' is NOT present.

#Sliicing
b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[2:5])
print(b[:5])
print(b[2:])
print(b[-5:-2])

llo
Hello
llo, World!
orl

a = " Hello, World! "

print([Link]())
print([Link]())
print([Link]())
print([Link]("H", "J"))
print([Link](","))

HELLO, WORLD!
hello, world!
Hello, World!
Jello, World!
[' Hello', ' World! ']

a = "Hello"
b = "World"
c=a+b
print(c)

c=a+""+b
print(c)
HelloWorld
Hello World

#F-strings
age = 36
txt = f"My name is John, I am {age}"
print(txt)

My name is John, I am 36
age = 36

#This will produce an error:

txt = "My name is John, I am " + age
print(txt)

TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)

Cell In[26], line 3
1 age = 36
2 #This will produce an error:
----> 3 txt = "My name is John, I am " + age
4 print(txt)

TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

price = 59
txt = f"The price is {price} dollars"
print(txt)
txt = f"The price is {price:.2f} dollars"
print(txt)
txt = f"The price is {20 * 59} dollars"
print(txt)

The price is 59 dollars

The price is 59.00 dollars
The price is 1180 dollars

txt = "We are the so-called "Vikings" from the north."

print(txt)
 Cell In[41], line 1
txt = "We are the so-called "Vikings" from the north."
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

txt = "We are the so-called \"Vikings\" from the north."

print(txt)

We are the so-called "Vikings" from the north.

txt = "Hello\nWorld!"
print(txt)
txt = "Hello\tWorld!"
print(txt)

Hello
World!
Hello World!
txt = "hello, and welcome to my world."
x = [Link]()
print (x)

Hello, and welcome to my world.

#Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable.

list=["aaaa","bbbb","cccc"]
print(list)

['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc']

#List items are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values.

#There are some list methods that will change the order,
#but in general: the order of the items will not change.

list=["aaaa","bbbb","cccc","aaaa"]
print(list)
print(len(list))

['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc', 'aaaa']

4

#String, int and boolean data types

list1 = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
list2 = [1, 5, 7, 9, 3]
list3 = [True, False, False]
#A list with strings, integers and boolean values
list4 = ["abc", 34, True, 40, "male"]
print(type(list1))
<class 'list'>

list1 = ["aaaa", "bbbb", "cccc", "dddd","eeee","ffff"]

print(list1[2])
print(list1[-2])
print(list1[2:5])
print(list1[-5:-2])
print(list1[:5])
print(list1[-1])
print(list1[:-1])

cccc
eeee
['cccc', 'dddd', 'eeee']
['bbbb', 'cccc', 'dddd']
['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc', 'dddd', 'eeee']
ffff
['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc', 'dddd', 'eeee']

list1 = ["aaaa", "bbbb", "cccc", "dddd","eeee","ffff"]

[Link]("gggg")
print(list1)
[Link](2)
print(list1)
[Link]("eeee")
print(list1)

['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc', 'dddd', 'eeee', 'ffff', 'gggg']

['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'dddd', 'eeee', 'ffff', 'gggg']
['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'dddd', 'ffff', 'gggg']

"""Instead of writing many if..else statements, you can use the match
statement.
The match statement selects one of many code blocks to be executed."""

day=int(input("Enter any number(1 to 7):"))

match day:
case 1:
print("Monday")
case 2:
print("Tuesday")
case 3:
print("Wednesday")
case 4:
print("Thursday")
case 5:
print("Friday")
case 6:
print("Saturday")
 case 7:
print("Sunday")
case _:
print("Invalid")

Enter any number(1 to 7):9

Invalid

day = 4
match day:
case 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5:
print("Today is a weekday")
case 6 | 7:
print("I love weekends!")

Today is a weekday

#add if statements in the case evaluation

month = 5
day = 4
match day:
case 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 if month == 4:
print("A weekday in April")
case 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 if month == 5:
print("A weekday in May")
case _:
print("No match")

A weekday in May
# While loop
i=1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1

1
2
3
4
5

#Break
i=1
while i < 6:
print(i)
if i == 3:
break
i += 1

1
2
3

#Continue
i=0
while i < 6:
i += 1
if i == 3:
continue
print(i)

1
2
4
5
6
# else statement we can run a block of code once when the condition no longer is
true:
i=1
while i < 6:
 print(i)
i += 1
else:
print("i is no longer less than 6")

1
2
3
4
5

i is no longer less than 6

# The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by

default,
# and increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified number.

for x in range(6):
print(x)
0
1
2
3
4
5

list = ["aaa", "bbb", "ccc"]

for x in list:
print(list)

['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']

['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']
['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']
for x in "shabana":
print(x)
s
h
a
b
a
n
a

list = ["aaa", "bbb", "ccc"]

for x in list:
print(x)
if x == "bbb":
break

aaa
bbb

list = ["aaa", "bbb", "ccc"]

for x in list:
if x == "bbb":
break
print(x)
aaa

list = ["aaa", "bbb", "ccc"]

for x in list:
if x == "bbb":
continue
print(x)
aaa
ccc

for x in range(6):
print(x)
0
1
2
3
4
5

for x in range(2, 6):

print(x)
2
3
4
5

for x in range(2, 30, 5):

print(x)
2
7
12
17
22
27

for x in range(30, 10, -3):

print(x)
30
27
24
21
18
15
12

for x in range(6):
print(x)
else:
print("done")
0
1
2
3
4
5
done

for x in range(6):
if x == 3: break
print(x)
else:
print("done")
0
1
2

list1=[0,1,2]
list2=[0,1,2]
for x in list1:
for y in list2:
print(x, y)
00
01
02
10
11
12
20
21
22

#for loops cannot be empty, but if you for some reason have a for loop with no
content,
#put in the pass statement to avoid getting an error.
for x in [0, 1, 2]:
pass
#range(start, stop, step)

#greatest number among two numbers

a,b=map(int,input().split())
if a>b:
print(f"{a} is greater")
else:
print(f"{b} is greater")

20 10
20 is greater

#Greatest among 3 numbers

a,b,c=map(int,input().split())
if (a>b and a>c):
print(f"{a} is greater")
elif b>c:
print(f"{b} is greater")
else:
print(f"{c} is greater")

10 20 30
30 is greater
#Greatest among 4 numbers
a,b,c,d=map(int,input().split())
if (a>b and a>c and a>d):
print(f"{a} is greater")
elif (b>c and b>d):
print(f"{b} is greater")
elif c>d:
print(f"{c} is greater")
else:
print(f"{d} is greater")
10 20 30 40
40 is greater

for i in range(1,6):
print(i)
1
2
3
4
5

for i in range(1,11,2):
print(i)

1
3
5
7
9

for i in range(2,11,2):
print(i)
2
4
6
8
10

#to print even numbers between 1 to 10 and its count

count=0
for i in range(2,11,2):
print(i)
count=count+1
print("count:",count)
2
4
6
8
10
count: 5

#to print even numbers between 1 to 10 and its count &sum

sum=0
count=0
for i in range(2,11,2):
print(i)
count=count+1
sum=sum+i
print("count:",count)
print("Sum:", sum)
2
4
6
8
10
count: 5
Sum: 30
#Given number is prime or not
n=int(input("Enter a number:"))
count=0
for i in range(1,n+1):
if n%i==0:
count=count+1
if count==2:
print(f"{n} is a prime number")
else:
print(f"{n} is not a prime number")

Enter a number:44
44 is not a prime number

#Given number is even or odd

n=int(input("Enter a number:"))
if n%2==0:
print(f"{n} is Even number")
else:
print(f"{n} is odd number")

Enter a number:23
23 is odd number

#Reverse of an integer
x=int(input("Enter a number:"))
sum=0
n=x
while n>0:
r=n%10
sum=sum*10+r
n=n//10
print(sum)
Enter a number:1234
4321

#Fibonocci sequence
a=0
b=1
n=10
print(a,b,end=" ")
for i in range(a,n):
c=a+b
print(c,end=" ")
a=b
b=c

0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

#Factorial of a number
n = int(input("Enter number: "))
fact = 1
for i in range(1, n+1):
fact = fact * i
print("Factorial =", fact)

Enter number: 5
Factorial = 120

#Multiplication table
n=int(input("Enter a number:"))
for i in range(1,11):
print(f"{n}*{i}=",n*i)

Enter a number:3
3*1= 3
3*2= 6
3*3= 9
3*4= 12
3*5= 15
3*6= 18
3*7= 21
3*8= 24
3*9= 27
3*10= 30

# Generate a random number

import random
print(f"random number:{[Link](1,100)}")

random number:30

#Create a list & append values

n=eval(input("Enter a limit:"))
lst=[]
for i in range(1,n+1):
n=eval(input("Enter a value:"))
[Link](n)
print(lst)

Enter a limit:3

Enter a value:12
Enter a value:23
Enter a value:34
[12, 23, 34]
#Create a list , append values, count odd numbers in a list
n=int(input("Enter limit:"))
lst=[]
print("Enter values:")
for i in range(1,n+1):
a=int(input())
[Link](a)

count = 0

for num in lst:

if num % 2 != 0:
count += 1
print("List:", lst)
print("Count of odd Numbers:", count)

Enter limit:3
Enter values:
12
23
34
List: [12, 23, 34]
Count of odd Numbers: 1

#Create a list , append values, count odd & even numbers in a list

n=int(input("Enter limit:"))
lst=[]
lst1=[]
lst2=[]
print("Enter values:")
for i in range(1,n+1):
a=int(input())
[Link](a)
print("List:", lst)
count = 0
c=0

for num in lst:

if num % 2 != 0:
count += 1
[Link](num)
else:
c+=1
[Link](num)

print("Odd numbers list:", lst2)

print("Count of odd Numbers:", count)
print("Even numbers list:", lst1)
print("Count of even Numbers:", c)

Enter limit:4
Enter values:
12
23
3
45
List: [12, 23, 3, 45]
Odd numbers list: [23, 3, 45]
Count of odd Numbers: 3
Even numbers list: [12]
Count of even Numbers: 1

#sum of two numbers by using function

def add(a, b):
return a + b
# initializing numbers
a = 10
b=5
# calling function
res = add(a,b)
print(res)

#Built in functions
#print(), len(), type(), sum(), max()

numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]

print("Length:", len(numbers))
print("Maximum:", max(numbers))
print("Sum:",sum(numbers))

Length: 4
Maximum: 40
sum:100
#funtions with no args & no return value
def display():
print ("Welcome")

display()

#function with args & no return value

def display(name):
print("Welcome", name)

display("shabana")

Welcome shabana

def display(name):
print("Welcome", name)

name=input("Enter your name:")

display(name)

Enter your name:shabana

Welcome shabana

def display(s):
print(type(s))

display(10)
display(10.5)
display("shabana")

<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'str'>
#sum
def sum(a,b):
print("Sum=",a+b)

sum(10,20)

Sum= 30

#sum
def sum(a,b):
print("Sum=",a+b)

a,b=map(int,input("Enter 2 numbers:").split()) # to read integers

sum(a,b)
Enter 2 numbers:10 20

Sum= 30

#Split()
a, b = map(int, input("Enter 2 numbers: ").split(",")) # input is comma separated
print(a);print(b)

Enter 2 numbers: 10,20

10
20

a, b, c = input("Enter 3 words: ").split() # to read strings

print(a);print(b); print(c)

Enter 3 words: sha shaba shabana

sha
shaba
shabana

#function with arguments & return value

def sum(a,b):
c=a+b
return c

a,b=map(int,input("Enter 2 numbers:").split())
x=sum(a,b)
print("sum=", x)

Enter 2 numbers:20 30
sum= 50

# In python at a time a function can return more than one value

def sumdiff(a,b):
c=a+b
d=a-b
return c,d

x,y=sumdiff(40,25)
print("Sum=", x,"Diff=", y)

Sum= 65 Diff= 15

#Multiply
def multiply(a, b):
return a * b

result = multiply(4, 5)
print("Multiplication:", result)

#function with default paremeters

def display(a=1,b=1,c=1):
print("a=",a,"b=",b,"c=",c)

display()

a= 1 b= 1 c= 1
#Default Argument Function
#Function with default parameter values.
def greet(name="Student"):
print("Hello", name)

greet()
greet("Shabana")

Hello Student
Hello Shabana

#funtion with variable length args

def display(*arg):
print("All args=", arg)
print("1st arg=", arg[0])

display(10,20)
All args= (10, 20)
1st arg= 10

#*args – Non-keyword arguments

def total(*numbers):
print("Sum:", sum(numbers))

total(10, 20, 30)

#**kwargs – Keyword arguments

def details(**data):
print(data)

details(name="Shabana", age=20)
{'name': 'Shabana', 'age': 20}

#Anonymous Function (Lambda Function)

#Function without a name using lambda.
square = lambda x: x * x
print("Square:", square(6))

Square: 36
#Recursive Function
#A function that calls itself.
def factorial(n):
if n == 1:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n - 1)

print("Factorial:", factorial(5))

Factorial: 120

#Local variable
def my_function():
x = 10 # Local variable
print(x)
my_function()
#print(x) # Error! x is not accessible outside

10

# Global variable
x = 20 # Global variable
def my_function():
print(x) # Can access global x

my_function()
print(x)

20
20

#Change global variable

x = 10
def change_global():
 global x
x = 50 # Modifies global x

change_global()
print(x) # Output: 50
50

#map() – Apply Function to Each Element

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]
squared = list(map(lambda x: x**2, nums))
print(squared) # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16]

#reduce() – Apply Function to Reduce to a Single Value

from functools import reduce
nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]
product = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, nums)
print(product) # Output: 24

24

#Function Annotations (Type Hints)

#Python allows type hints to improve readability.
def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
return a + b
print(add(2, 3)) # Output: 5

#filter() – Filter Elements Based on Condition

from functools import reduce
nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

even_nums = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums))

odd_nums = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 1, nums))
print("Even_nums=",even_nums)
print("odd_nums=",odd_nums)
product = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, even_nums)
print("Product of even_nums=",product)

product = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, odd_nums)

print("Product of odd_nums=",product)

sum = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, nums)

print("sum of nums list=",sum)

Even_nums= [2, 4, 6]
odd_nums= [1, 3, 5]
Product of even_nums= 48
Product of odd_nums= 15
sum of nums list= 21

Python Star Pattern Programs (with Sample Outputs)

1. Square Star Pattern

def square(n):
for i in range(n):
print("* " * n)

square(3)
Output:
***
***
***

2. Right Triangle
def right_triangle(n):
for i in range(1, n+1):
print("* " * i)

right_triangle(4)
Output:
*
**
***
****

3. Inverted Right Triangle

def inv_right(n):
for i in range(n, 0, -1):
print("* " * i)

inv_right(4)
Output:
****
***
**
*

4. Pyramid
def pyramid(n):
for i in range(1, n+1):
print(" "*(n-i) + "* "*i)

pyramid(4)
Output:
*
**
***
****
5. Inverted Pyramid
def inv_pyramid(n):
for i in range(n, 0, -1):
print(" "*(n-i) + "* "*i)

inv_pyramid(4)
Output:
****
***
**
*

6. Diamond Pattern
def diamond(n):
for i in range(1, n+1):
print(" "*(n-i)+"*"*(2*i-1))
for i in range(n-1,0,-1):
print(" "*(n-i)+"*"*(2*i-1))

diamond(3)
Output:
*
***
*****
***
*

7. Hollow Square
def hollow_square(n):
for i in range(n):
if i==0 or i==n-1:
print("* "*n)
else:
print("* "+" "*(n-2)+"*")
hollow_square(4)
Output:
****
* *
* *
****

8. Left Triangle
def left_triangle(n):
for i in range(1,n+1):
print(" "*(n-i)+"*"*i)

left_triangle(4)
Output:
*
**
***
****

9. Hourglass Pattern
def hourglass(n):
for i in range(n,0,-1):
print("* "*i)
for i in range(2,n+1):
print("* "*i)

hourglass(3)
Output:
***
**
*
**
***
10. Floyd Star Pattern
def floyd(n):
for i in range(1,n+1):
print("*"*i)

floyd(5)
Output:
*
**
***
****
*****

11. Cross Pattern

def cross(n):
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
if i==j or i+j==n-1:
print("*",end="")
else:
print(" ",end="")
print()

cross(5)
Output:
* *
**
*
**
* *

12. X Pattern
def x_pattern(n):
cross(n)
x_pattern(5)
Output:
* *
**
*
**
* *

13. Checkerboard
def checker(n):
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
print("*" if (i+j)%2==0 else " ", end="")
print()

checker(4)
Output:
**
**
**
**

14. Vertical Line

def vertical(n):
for i in range(n):
print("*")

vertical(4)
Output:
*
*
*
*
15. Horizontal Line
def horizontal(n):
print("* "*n)

horizontal(5)
Output:
*****

Python Programs (Functions)

1. Add Two Numbers

def add(a, b):
return a + b

# Sample Run
print(add(5, 3))

Output:
8

2. Maximum of Two Numbers

def maximum(a, b):
return a if a > b else b

print(maximum(10, 7))

Output:
10

3. Factorial
def factorial(n):
fact = 1
for i in range(1, n+1):
 fact *= i
return fact

print(factorial(5))

Output:
120

4. Simple Interest
def simple_interest(p, r, t):
return (p*r*t)/100

print(simple_interest(1000, 5, 2))

Output:
100.0

5. Compound Interest
def compound_interest(p, r, t):
amount = p*(1+r/100)**t
return amount - p

print(compound_interest(1000, 5, 2))

Output:
102.5

6. Armstrong Number
def is_armstrong(n):
power = len(str(n))
s = sum(int(d)**power for d in str(n))
return s == n

print(is_armstrong(153))
Output:
True

7. Area of Circle
def area_circle(r):
return 3.14159*r*r

print(area_circle(2))

Output:
12.56636

8. Prime Numbers in Interval

def primes(start, end):
result = []
for num in range(start, end+1):
if num > 1:
for i in range(2, num):
if num % i == 0:
break
else:
[Link](num)
return result

print(primes(10, 20))

Output:
[11, 13, 17, 19]

9. Check Prime
def is_prime(n):
if n <= 1:
return False
 for i in range(2, n):
if n % i == 0:
return False
return True

print(is_prime(7))

Output:
True

10. Nth Fibonacci Number

def nth_fib(n):
a, b = 0, 1
for _ in range(n):
a, b = b, a+b
return a

print(nth_fib(7))

Output:
13

11. Check Fibonacci

def is_fibonacci(num):
a, b = 0, 1
while a <= num:
if a == num:
return True
a, b = b, a+b
return False

print(is_fibonacci(21))

Output:
True
12. Nth Multiple in Fibonacci
def nth_multiple_fib(n, m):
a, b = 0, 1
count = 0
while True:
if a != 0 and a % m == 0:
count += 1
if count == n:
return a
a, b = b, a+b

print(nth_multiple_fib(2, 3))

Output:
21

13. ASCII Value

def ascii_val(ch):
return ord(ch)

print(ascii_val('A'))

Output:
65

14. Sum of Squares

def sum_squares(n):
return sum(i*i for i in range(1, n+1))

print(sum_squares(5))

Output:
55
15. Sum of Cubes
def sum_cubes(n):
return sum(i**3 for i in range(1, n+1))

print(sum_cubes(3))

Output:
36

#Python Filtering Programs

Question 1: Filter elements greater than 10 and less than 50

Program:
arr = [5, 12, 45, 60, 9, 30]
result = [x for x in arr if x > 10 and x < 50]
print(result)
Test Case 1 Output: [12, 45, 30]
Test Case 2:
arr = [10, 20, 50, 49, 11]
Output: [20, 49, 11]

Question 2: Get even numbers greater than 20

Program:
arr = [10, 22, 35, 44, 19, 60]
result = [x for x in arr if x > 20 and x % 2 == 0]
print(result)
Test Case 1 Output: [22, 44, 60]
Test Case 2:
arr = [18, 21, 24, 50, 13]
Output: [24, 50]

Question 3: Extract elements less than 15 or greater than 60

Program:
arr = [5, 14, 20, 61, 80]
result = [x for x in arr if x < 15 or x > 60]
print(result)
Test Case 1 Output: [5, 14, 61, 80]
Test Case 2:
arr = [15, 10, 70, 40, 2]
Output: [10, 70, 2]

Question 4: Numbers divisible by 3 but not by 2

Program:
arr = [3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18]
result = [x for x in arr if x % 3 == 0 and x % 2 != 0]
print(result)
Test Case 1 Output: [3, 9, 15]
Test Case 2:
arr = [21, 24, 27, 30]
Output: [21, 27]

Question 5: Elements between 25 and 75 inclusive

Program:
arr = [10, 25, 50, 75, 80]
result = [x for x in arr if 25 <= x <= 75]
print(result)
Test Case 1 Output: [25, 50, 75]
Test Case 2:
arr = [30, 70, 76, 24]
Output: [30, 70]

Question 6: Numbers negative or zero

Program:
arr = [-5, 0, 3, -2, 7]
result = [x for x in arr if x <= 0]
print(result)
Test Case 1 Output: [-5, 0, -2]
Test Case 2:
arr = [0, -1, -10, 4]
Output: [0, -1, -10]

Question 7: Values either 10, 20, or 30

Program:
arr = [10, 15, 20, 25, 30]
result = [x for x in arr if x in (10,20,30)]
print(result)
Test Case 1 Output: [10, 20, 30]
Test Case 2:
arr = [5, 10, 40, 20]
Output: [10, 20]

Question 8: Elements greater than mean of array

Program:
arr = [10, 20, 30, 40]
mean = sum(arr)/len(arr)
result = [x for x in arr if x > mean]
print(result)
Test Case 1 Output: [30, 40]
Test Case 2:
arr = [5, 15, 25]
Output: [25]

Question 9: Filter non-zero elements

Program:
arr = [0, 5, 0, 8, 2]
result = [x for x in arr if x != 0]
print(result)
Test Case 1 Output: [5, 8, 2]
Test Case 2:
arr = [1, 0, 3, 0]
Output: [1, 3]

Question 10: Odd numbers less than 40

Program:
arr = [5, 12, 33, 41, 27]
result = [x for x in arr if x % 2 != 0 and x < 40]
print(result)
Test Case 1 Output: [5, 33, 27]
Test Case 2:
arr = [1, 3, 40, 55]
Output: [1, 3]