System Design is the process of designing the architecture, components, and interfaces for a system so that it meets the end-user requirements. This specifically designed System Design tutorial will help you to learn and master System Design concepts in the most efficient way, from the basics to the advanced level.
Importance of System Design
System design is important for anyone who wants to build a robust, scalable, and efficient software application. Whether you are building a small-scale application or a large one, understanding system design allows you to architect solutions that can handle real-world complexities.
- Scalability and Reliability: System design ensures systems can grow and handle increased demand without failure.
- Efficient Resource Management: It helps in optimizing resource allocation, ensuring fast and responsive applications.
- Adaptability: System design enables the creation of systems that can evolve with changing business needs, reducing long-term costs.
- Architectural Understanding: Learning different system architectures (e.g., microservices, monolithic) helps in building applications suited to various needs.
- Interview Preparation: Mastering system design is key to excelling in system design interviews, commonly asked in tech company hiring processes.
Basics
Core concepts to get started with system design.
- System Design Introduction - HLD & LLD
- Functional and Non Functional Requirements
- Difference Between HLD and LLD
High Level Design
Focuses on system architecture, components, and their interactions.
System Architectural Styles
Common architectural patterns used in system design.
- Monolithic Architecture
- Microservices
- Monolithic Vs Microservices Architecture
- Event-Driven Architecture
- Serverless Architecture
- Stateful Vs Stateless Architecture
- Pub/Sub Architecture
Scalability
Concepts and strategies for growing applications
- Scalability in System Design
- Horizontal and Vertical Scaling
- Right Scalability approach for our Application
- Designing Highly Scalable Systems
- Primary Bottlenecks that Hurt the Scalability of an Application
Databases in Designing Systems
Databases, storage systems, and how they are used in system design.
- Designing the Database
- Types of Database
- Choosing a Database - SQL or NoSQL
- File and Database Storage Systems
- Database Replication in System Design
- Database Sharding
- Block, Object, and File Storage
- Normalization Process in DBMS
- SQL Query Optimization
- Denormalization in Databases
- Intro to Redis
Consistency, Availability, Reliability & Maintainability
Core system qualities that impact user experience and system health.
- Availability in System Design
- Achieving High Availability
- Consistency in System Design
- Consistency pattern
- CAP Theorem
- Reliability in System Design
- Fault Tolerance in System Design
- Maintainability
Load Balancing
Traffic distribution techniques in system design.
- Load Balancer
- Load Balancing Algorithms
- Concurrency and Parallelism
- Stateless Vs Stateful Load Balancing
- Load Balancing vs. Failover
- Consistent Hashing
Latency, Throughput and Caching
Performance optimization metrics and caching strategies.
- Latency and Throughput
- Caching in System Design
- Design Distributed Cache
- Edge Caching
- Cache Eviction Policies
- Cold and Warm Cache in System Design
API Gateway, Message Queues & Rate Limiting
Focuses on orchestrating communication, queuing messages, and limiting traffic in scalable systems.
Protocols, CDN, Proxies & WebSockets
Networking, caching, and real-time communication fundamentals.
- Communication Protocols
- Domain Name System
- DNS Caching
- Time to Live(TTL)
- Content Delivery Network(CDN)
- Proxies in System Design
- Forward Proxy vs Reverse Proxy
- Long Polling and Short PollingÂ
- Websockets
Event-Driven Architecture
Explains event-driven concepts, patterns, and comparisons commonly discussed in system design interviews.
- Introduction
- Event Sourcing Pattern
- Event Sourcing Vs Event Streaming
- Event-Driven APIs in Microservice Architectures
- Error Handling in Event-Driven Architecture
- Restore State in an Event-Based, Message-Driven Microservice Architecture on Failure Scenario
- Event-Driven Architecture Patterns in Cloud Native Applications
- Request-driven Vs Event-driven Microservices
- Event-Driven Architecture Vs Microservices Architecture
- Event-Driven Architecture Vs Data-Driven Architecture
- Message-Driven Architecture Vs Event-Driven Architecture
Testing
Testing methods and deployment pipelines to build robust systems.
Security Measures
Explains authentication, authorization, encryption, and disaster recovery in system design.
- Security Measures in System Design
- Authentication and Authorization
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
- Secure Software Development Life Cycle (SSDLC)
- Data Backup and Disaster Recovery
Distributed System Design
Explains consensus algorithms, tracing, and security considerations in distributed system design.
- Introduction
- Consensus Algorithms in Distributed System
- Distributed Tracing
- Secure Communication in Distributed System
- Design Issues of Distributed System
Cost & Performance Optimizations
Explains how to optimize system performance and estimate software costs effectively.
Low Level Design(LLD)
Detailed design of system components, focusing on implementation-level structure and code organization
Core Concepts
Explains how to design classes, modules, and interfaces in system design interviews.
- Object-Oriented Programming(OOP) Concepts
- Modularity and Interfaces
- Low Level Design or LLD
- Difference between High Level Design(HLD) and Low Level Design(LLD)
Design Principles
Explains SOLID, DRY, KISS, and YAGNI principles for robust software design
UML
Visualizing system design using UML diagrams.
Design Patterns
Explains commonly asked design patterns and their applications in scalable software design.
Interview Questions & Answers of System Design
Real-world system design examples and common interview questions to practice scalable and efficient architectures.
- URL Shortening Service
- Design Dropbox
- Design Twitter
- System Design Netflix – Complete Architecture
- System Design of Uber App – Uber System Architecture
- Design BookMyShow
- Designing Facebook Messenger
- Designing Whatsapp Messenger
- Designing Instagram
- Designing Airbnb
- System Designing of Airline Management System
- Common Design Interview Questions
System Design Interview Preparation Guide
Practical advice and strategies to effectively tackle system design questions in interviews.