|
| 1 | +# 除法求值 |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +## 题目描述 |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +给出方程式 `A / B = k`, 其中 `A` 和 `B` 均为代表字符串的变量, `k` 是一个浮点型数字。根据已知方程式求解问题,并返回计算结果。如果结果不存在,则返回 `-1.0`。 |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +示例 : |
| 8 | +给定 `a / b = 2.0,` `b / c = 3.0` |
| 9 | +问题: `a / c = ?`, `b / a = ?`, `a / e = ?`, `a / a = ?`, `x / x = ?` |
| 10 | +返回 `[6.0, 0.5, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 ]` |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +基于上述例子,输入如下 |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +``` |
| 15 | +equations(方程式) = [ ["a", "b"], ["b", "c"] ], |
| 16 | +values(方程式结果) = [2.0, 3.0], |
| 17 | +queries(问题方程式) = [ ["a", "c"], ["b", "a"], ["a", "e"], ["a", "a"], ["x", "x"] ]. |
| 18 | +``` |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +输入总是有效的。你可以假设除法运算中不会出现除数为0的情况,且不存在任何矛盾的结果 |
| 21 | + |
| 22 | +## 分析 |
| 23 | + |
| 24 | +并查集。 |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +详解请见 [详解](https://www.bilibili.com/video/av40929397?from=search&seid=5462235911348002192) 。 |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +## 算法 |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | +```java |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | +class Solution { |
| 33 | + public double[] calcEquation(List<List<String>> equations, double[] values, List<List<String>> queries) { |
| 34 | + Map<String, Node> map = new HashMap<>(); |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | + for(int i = 0; i < values.length; i++){ |
| 37 | + List<String> list = equations.get(i); |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | + Node node1 = null, node2 = null; |
| 40 | + if((node1 = map.get(list.get(0))) == null){ |
| 41 | + node1 = new Node(values[i]); |
| 42 | + map.put(list.get(0), node1); |
| 43 | + } |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | + if((node2 = map.get(list.get(1))) == null){ |
| 46 | + node2 = new Node(); |
| 47 | + map.put(list.get(1), node2); |
| 48 | + } |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | + Node.union(node1, node2, values[i], map); |
| 51 | + } |
| 52 | + |
| 53 | + double[] result = new double[queries.size()]; |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | + for(int i = 0; i < result.length; i++){ |
| 56 | + List<String> list = queries.get(i); |
| 57 | + |
| 58 | + Node node1, node2; |
| 59 | + if((node1 = map.get(list.get(0))) != null && (node2 = map.get(list.get(1))) != null && Node.find(node1) == Node.find(node2)){ |
| 60 | + result[i] = node1.value / node2.value; |
| 61 | + }else{ |
| 62 | + result[i] = -1.0; |
| 63 | + } |
| 64 | + } |
| 65 | + return result; |
| 66 | + } |
| 67 | +} |
| 68 | + |
| 69 | +class Node{ |
| 70 | + public double value; |
| 71 | + public Node parent; |
| 72 | + |
| 73 | + public Node(){ |
| 74 | + this(1.0); |
| 75 | + } |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | + public Node(double v){ |
| 78 | + value = v; |
| 79 | + parent = this; |
| 80 | + } |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | + public static Node find(Node node){ |
| 83 | + while(node != node.parent){ |
| 84 | + node = node.parent; |
| 85 | + } |
| 86 | + return node; |
| 87 | + } |
| 88 | + |
| 89 | + public static void union(Node a, Node b, double num, Map<String, Node> map){ |
| 90 | + Node f1 = find(a); |
| 91 | + Node f2 = find(b); |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | + double ratio = b.value * num / a.value; |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | + for(Node node : map.values()){ |
| 96 | + if(find(node) == f1) |
| 97 | + node.value *= ratio; |
| 98 | + } |
| 99 | + f1.parent = f2; |
| 100 | + } |
| 101 | +} |
| 102 | +``` |
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