Fix compilation failure with gcc >= 13 (TheAlgorithms#2702)

For testing - https://godbolt.org/z/6WWh3zs9G

Co-authored-by: realstealthninja <68815218+realstealthninja@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: VirtualTim

math/extended_euclid_algorithm.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
  */
 #include <algorithm>  // for swap function
 #include <iostream>
+#include <cstdint>
 
 /**
  * function to update the coefficients per iteration