Simplify passing of configure arguments to pg_config

Simplify passing of configure arguments to pg_config

The previous system had configure put the value into the makefiles and
then have the makefiles pass them to the build of pg_config.  That was
put in place when pg_config was a shell script.  We can simplify that
by having configure put the value into pg_config.h directly.  This
also makes the standard build system match how the MSVC build system
already does it.

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/6e457870-cef5-5f1d-b57c-fc89cfb8a788%402ndquadrant.com