Clean up generation of default names for constraints, indexes, and serial

Clean up generation of default names for constraints, indexes, and serial
sequences, as per recent discussion.  All these names are now of the
form table_column_type, with digits added if needed to make them unique.
Default constraint names are chosen to be unique across their whole schema,
not just within the parent object, so as to be more SQL-spec-compatible
and make the information schema views more useful.