{
    uint8       xact_info;
    TimestampTz xtime;
-   long        secs;
-   int         microsecs;
+   long        msecs;
 
    /* nothing to do if no delay configured */
    if (recovery_min_apply_delay <= 0)
     * Exit without arming the latch if it's already past time to apply this
     * record
     */
-   TimestampDifference(GetCurrentTimestamp(), recoveryDelayUntilTime,
-                       &secs, µsecs);
-   if (secs <= 0 && microsecs <= 0)
+   msecs = TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds(GetCurrentTimestamp(),
+                                           recoveryDelayUntilTime);
+   if (msecs <= 0)
        return false;
 
    while (true)
         * Wait for difference between GetCurrentTimestamp() and
         * recoveryDelayUntilTime
         */
-       TimestampDifference(GetCurrentTimestamp(), recoveryDelayUntilTime,
-                           &secs, µsecs);
+       msecs = TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds(GetCurrentTimestamp(),
+                                               recoveryDelayUntilTime);
 
-       /* NB: We're ignoring waits below min_apply_delay's resolution. */
-       if (secs <= 0 && microsecs / 1000 <= 0)
+       if (msecs <= 0)
            break;
 
-       elog(DEBUG2, "recovery apply delay %ld seconds, %d milliseconds",
-            secs, microsecs / 1000);
+       elog(DEBUG2, "recovery apply delay %ld milliseconds", msecs);
 
-       WaitLatch(&XLogCtl->recoveryWakeupLatch,
-                 WL_LATCH_SET | WL_TIMEOUT | WL_POSTMASTER_DEATH,
-                 secs * 1000L + microsecs / 1000);
+       (void) WaitLatch(&XLogCtl->recoveryWakeupLatch,
+                        WL_LATCH_SET | WL_TIMEOUT | WL_POSTMASTER_DEATH,
+                        msecs);
    }
    return true;
 }
 static void
 LogCheckpointEnd(bool restartpoint)
 {
-   long        write_secs,
-               sync_secs,
-               total_secs,
-               longest_secs,
-               average_secs;
-   int         write_usecs,
-               sync_usecs,
-               total_usecs,
-               longest_usecs,
-               average_usecs;
+   long        write_msecs,
+               sync_msecs,
+               total_msecs,
+               longest_msecs,
+               average_msecs;
    uint64      average_sync_time;
 
    CheckpointStats.ckpt_end_t = GetCurrentTimestamp();
 
-   TimestampDifference(CheckpointStats.ckpt_write_t,
-                       CheckpointStats.ckpt_sync_t,
-                       &write_secs, &write_usecs);
+   write_msecs = TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds(CheckpointStats.ckpt_write_t,
+                                                 CheckpointStats.ckpt_sync_t);
 
-   TimestampDifference(CheckpointStats.ckpt_sync_t,
-                       CheckpointStats.ckpt_sync_end_t,
-                       &sync_secs, &sync_usecs);
+   sync_msecs = TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds(CheckpointStats.ckpt_sync_t,
+                                                CheckpointStats.ckpt_sync_end_t);
 
    /* Accumulate checkpoint timing summary data, in milliseconds. */
-   BgWriterStats.m_checkpoint_write_time +=
-       write_secs * 1000 + write_usecs / 1000;
-   BgWriterStats.m_checkpoint_sync_time +=
-       sync_secs * 1000 + sync_usecs / 1000;
+   BgWriterStats.m_checkpoint_write_time += write_msecs;
+   BgWriterStats.m_checkpoint_sync_time += sync_msecs;
 
    /*
     * All of the published timing statistics are accounted for.  Only
    if (!log_checkpoints)
        return;
 
-   TimestampDifference(CheckpointStats.ckpt_start_t,
-                       CheckpointStats.ckpt_end_t,
-                       &total_secs, &total_usecs);
+   total_msecs = TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds(CheckpointStats.ckpt_start_t,
+                                                 CheckpointStats.ckpt_end_t);
 
    /*
     * Timing values returned from CheckpointStats are in microseconds.
-    * Convert to the second plus microsecond form that TimestampDifference
-    * returns for homogeneous printing.
+    * Convert to milliseconds for consistent printing.
     */
-   longest_secs = (long) (CheckpointStats.ckpt_longest_sync / 1000000);
-   longest_usecs = CheckpointStats.ckpt_longest_sync -
-       (uint64) longest_secs *1000000;
+   longest_msecs = (long) ((CheckpointStats.ckpt_longest_sync + 999) / 1000);
 
    average_sync_time = 0;
    if (CheckpointStats.ckpt_sync_rels > 0)
        average_sync_time = CheckpointStats.ckpt_agg_sync_time /
            CheckpointStats.ckpt_sync_rels;
-   average_secs = (long) (average_sync_time / 1000000);
-   average_usecs = average_sync_time - (uint64) average_secs *1000000;
+   average_msecs = (long) ((average_sync_time + 999) / 1000);
 
    elog(LOG, "%s complete: wrote %d buffers (%.1f%%); "
         "%d transaction log file(s) added, %d removed, %d recycled; "
         CheckpointStats.ckpt_segs_added,
         CheckpointStats.ckpt_segs_removed,
         CheckpointStats.ckpt_segs_recycled,
-        write_secs, write_usecs / 1000,
-        sync_secs, sync_usecs / 1000,
-        total_secs, total_usecs / 1000,
+        write_msecs / 1000, (int) (write_msecs % 1000),
+        sync_msecs / 1000, (int) (sync_msecs % 1000),
+        total_msecs / 1000, (int) (total_msecs % 1000),
         CheckpointStats.ckpt_sync_rels,
-        longest_secs, longest_usecs / 1000,
-        average_secs, average_usecs / 1000,
+        longest_msecs / 1000, (int) (longest_msecs % 1000),
+        average_msecs / 1000, (int) (average_msecs % 1000),
         (int) (PrevCheckPointDistance / 1024.0),
         (int) (CheckPointDistanceEstimate / 1024.0));
 }
                    if (!TimestampDifferenceExceeds(last_fail_time, now,
                                                wal_retrieve_retry_interval))
                    {
-                       long        secs,
-                                   wait_time;
-                       int         usecs;
+                       long        wait_time;
 
-                       TimestampDifference(last_fail_time, now, &secs, &usecs);
                        wait_time = wal_retrieve_retry_interval -
-                           (secs * 1000 + usecs / 1000);
+                           TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds(last_fail_time, now);
 
                        WaitLatch(&XLogCtl->recoveryWakeupLatch,
                             WL_LATCH_SET | WL_TIMEOUT | WL_POSTMASTER_DEATH,
 
  * TimestampDifference -- convert the difference between two timestamps
  *     into integer seconds and microseconds
  *
+ * This is typically used to calculate a wait timeout for select(2),
+ * which explains the otherwise-odd choice of output format.
+ *
  * Both inputs must be ordinary finite timestamps (in current usage,
  * they'll be results from GetCurrentTimestamp()).
  *
- * We expect start_time <= stop_time.  If not, we return zeros; for current
- * callers there is no need to be tense about which way division rounds on
- * negative inputs.
+ * We expect start_time <= stop_time.  If not, we return zeros,
+ * since then we're already past the previously determined stop_time.
  */
 void
 TimestampDifference(TimestampTz start_time, TimestampTz stop_time,
    }
 }
 
+/*
+ * TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds -- convert the difference between two
+ *         timestamps into integer milliseconds
+ *
+ * This is typically used to calculate a wait timeout for WaitLatch()
+ * or a related function.  The choice of "long" as the result type
+ * is to harmonize with that.  It is caller's responsibility that the
+ * input timestamps not be so far apart as to risk overflow of "long"
+ * (which'd happen at about 25 days on machines with 32-bit "long").
+ *
+ * Both inputs must be ordinary finite timestamps (in current usage,
+ * they'll be results from GetCurrentTimestamp()).
+ *
+ * We expect start_time <= stop_time.  If not, we return zero,
+ * since then we're already past the previously determined stop_time.
+ *
+ * Note we round up any fractional millisecond, since waiting for just
+ * less than the intended timeout is undesirable.
+ */
+long
+TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds(TimestampTz start_time, TimestampTz stop_time)
+{
+   TimestampTz diff = stop_time - start_time;
+
+   if (diff <= 0)
+       return 0;
+   else
+       return (long) ((diff + 999) / 1000);
+}
+
 /*
  * TimestampDifferenceExceeds -- report whether the difference between two
  *     timestamps is >= a threshold (expressed in milliseconds)