Applying for college or your first job can feel like reading a foreign language. Decoding these applications means understanding the terms, components and what reviewers are truly seeking.

Here are terms you need to know:

College Applications

• Common App: A single online application accepted by more than 900 colleges and universities.
• Transcript: Your official academic record from high school, showing courses, grades and GPA.
• Personal Statement/Essay: Your opportunity to tell your unique story. Don’t just list achievements — show, don’t tell — through anecdotes and reflection.
• Extracurricular Activities List: Beyond classes, this section highlights your involvement in clubs, sports, volunteering and other interests. Colleges look for demonstrated, sustained interest and engagement.
• Recommendation Letters: Letters from teachers or counselors providing insight into your character, work ethic and contributions.
• Early Decision/Early Action: “Early Decision” is binding (you commit if accepted), while “Early Action” is non-binding (you’re notified early but can still choose another school).
• FAFSA: Free Application for Federal Student Aid. This form determines your eligibility for federal financial aid, including grants, loans and work-study programs.

Job Applications

• Resume: A concise, one-page summary of your contact information, education, relevant skills, experiences and accomplishments.
• Cover Letter: A one-page letter tailored to the specific job, introducing yourself and explaining why you’re a good fit for this particular role and company.
• References: People (teachers, coaches, supervisors) who can vouch for your skills and character. Always ask permission before listing someone as a reference!
• Soft Skills: These are interpersonal abilities and character traits that are often just as – if not more – important than technical “hard skills” for entry-level positions.
• Communication and Teamwork: You’ve probably honed these skills in countless group projects and team presentations. If you’ve been in a club or played on a sports team, you’ve got these skills to spare!
• Problem-Solving and Adaptability: Overcoming academic and social challenges (hello, friend drama!) has taught you to solve problems independently and seek help when needed. Also, you’ve lived through a global pandemic — that definitely taught you to flex.
• Work Ethic and Time Management: Successfully managing homework, extracurriculars and personal life showcases excellent time management and work ethic. The volunteer work you’ve completed also helped a lot.