Witches
The Rebel Body and making Trouble!
âMs. Albanese, you are a witch!â shouted Israelâs representative to the United Nations, Danny Danon, a few weeks ago. Why did he say so? What did he mean? Lets get to that later in the story and in its proper context.
The narrative here is based on the âRebel Bodyâ. Expanding on the âsingle logicâ that governs the development of capitalism and the âstructural characterâ of the atrocities perpetrated on women over time. A story underpinned by the figure of the âWitchâ. The transcending role, women have played in the making of world history â not just as warriors, queens, saints, or later as scientists, feminists, and writers but as the âWitchesâ. Women who can cause âTroubleâ with a capital T.
Stir up the entire village or the nation or the world if be. A word so interesting, derived from vulgar Latin (12th century French verb) âto stir up,â âto make cloudy,â or plain disrupt a situation. No doubt, all of us on the âTerraâ are living in truly disturbing times, as mixed-up, troubling and torrid â as individuals or collectively as a globally webbed society.
Silvia Federici, Donna Haraway and Francesca Albanese are three distinct figures in our world, who provide new and true stories of emancipation, scope of trouble making and determination that is based on justice and the continuity of life. What professor emerita Donna Haraway frames as â learning to be truly present⌠the unthinkable ways of tentacular logicâ to author and teacher, Silvia Federici on âcapital and its power to destroy womenâs freedom and autonomy is a historic processâ and underpinned recently by U.N. Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese saying âIf I am a Witch, and had the powers to cast a spell, I would do so by all means, to end the genocide in Gaza, and for the return of international law in our much troubled worldâ.
Outstanding is the will and âworldingâ of these three women, and millions of others who are literally overflowing with both pain and joy. Uncovering the âvastly unjust patterns of pain and joyâ (Haraway) while destroying the myths, the false narratives that have sustained the âEarth eating empire in deep troubleâ (Federici).
The Witch. An older woman, perhaps a âhagâ. She probably lives alone to give herself the privacy she needs, to âpractice her dark artsâ. Such proverbial narratives based around the European âWitchâ that are part of popular imagination and entertainment, end up converting the character (and the myth) into a commodity. Yet the image and culture has been fostered for a long while, going back to the Elizabethan times (1560 - 1610). The âWitchâ and her innate âmagicâ and power to invoke âTroubleâ persists till today, via utterly stupid Walt Disney movies or say âThe Penguin Book Of Witchesâ or Ronald Suttonsâ âThe Witchâ. The commodification is not only misleading but inept, to understand the evolution of the âWitchâ.
The prevalence and dialectics of âmagicâ had to be destroyed, punished or banished, in order to subvert women as well as the âcommonsâ. In other words, the autonomy of women was a fundamental barrier for the Catholic Church and its episcopal laws, to reign over existing social structures, profits of labor and distributed power.
Tolerance of the Church, toward magÂical beliefs and autonomous practices of women was short, as found in the first Canon Episcopi (1012 CE). Worth noting the laws which followed the abolition of the Canon Episcopi (1136 CE) included the Law Of Matrimoni, âSupreme authorityâ of particular churches, Jurisprudence, âTemporal Goods and Propertyâ â followed by the âLaw of personsâ and several other âCanonical decreesâ. According to Silvia Federici, these impositions frame the âHoly Rulesâ (1140CE) and much later as the âSeven Sacramentsâ (1445CE) would tie up with the question of the âcommonsâ. Land, pastures, rivers, even forests, animals and many natural systems, were steadily confiscated from millions of âserfsâ based in Europe. Their modes of production viz-a-viz modes of survival would be replaced by a new âconstructed characterâ of work, wages and indentured labor.
âMagicâ of that era, can also be understood as the innate knowledge and practices, based around healing, childbirth, hospice, medicine and all such common needs â made of thousands of distinct oral traditions. Certain practices dating back to the Paleolithic times. The Catholic church attacked key aspects of social power (of the working class) as well as demonized mystics, healers, druids, midwives, shamans, caregivers and medicine men as an extension of âevil willâ and âevil doingâ. What appears as law can also be understood as systematic terror and persecution. âA man or a woman who is a medium, or who has familiar spirits, shall surely be put to deathâ (Leviticus 20:27). Within the same Leviticus are verses that speak of âthe presence of the devil or the cursed unholy medium⌠kill your children, those born of sinâ. The âWitchesâ and the âHereticsâ appear from the above episcopal sociology and into the âTrial By Fireâ persecutions. Thousands of ghastly public spectacles, burning, torture, humiliation and imprisonment, which lasted well over 300 years (1350 - 1700).
The so called âevilâ that was actually symbolic of the Catholic church, was instead directed upon hundreds of thousands of women and men, by a range of millenarian figures, during the so called âDark Agesâ of Europe. âWomen and men who are not embarrassed, nor are they afraid, to tell us that they are mages and magicians⌠and their oddness, special skills, the art of deception, healing power, even their folly, fakery, absence of decorum is not demonic nor is it a curse, nor a malady.â Johannes Wier, medical expert and author of Illusions of the Demons, Spells and Poisons (1563 CE).
Caliban And The Witch. What is the âRebel Bodyâ? What Marx and a whole bunch of Marxists omitted or worse did not have the capacity, was to understand (and map) the question of exploitation, from the womenâs point of view. A key missing historic insight. In her book, Caliban And The Witch, Silvia Federici uncovers the torrid historic process, in light of âthe exploitation of women in capitalist society in the sexual division of labor and womenâs unpaid work.â Simply put, as a deep dive into social evolution, Federici transcended the dichotomy between patriarchy and class, reorienting us to the âRebel Bodyâ â past and present roles of women within world history. From where came the âWitchâ and all the consequent âTroubleâ.
As a scholar and teacher, Federici gives us a âreinterpretation of the history of capitalism and class struggle from a feminist stageâ. The book and the consequent unraveling, is a great departure from the 2nd-Wave Feminist Movement in the United States (1960s) concerning the roots of womenâs âoppressionâ. According to Federici, the earlier discourse and movement was ânot sufficient in terms of being inclusive⌠in need of broader definitions ⌠feminist theory merits the global emancipation of women, and not just those situated in a particular class or in the Westâ (Federici). Is prescient to mention that Federici draws a whole lot of inspiration and feminist ties with lesser known figures, such as German Marxist and Sociologist Maria Mies â Italian feminist and writer Leopoldina Fortunati â Mariarosa Dalla Costa & Selma James (The Power Of Women And The Subversion Of Community).
The âRebel Bodyâ is a powerful representation of resistance, not just specific to the Middle Ages of Europe but extending way beyond, as womenâs liberation and struggle for autonomy during the 19th and 20th century. Marxâs theory of âprimitive accumulationâ was a test-case for early feminists. Marx altogether missed the fact, that âthe rise of capitalism was coeval with a war against Womenâ (Caliban And The Witch). A âwarâ which consequently proliferated across the world, via colonization, via indoctrination and the foundations of capitalism, followed by the appearance of nations states. The persecution and subjugation of women and their reproductive power continued through this period, as did the growth and proliferation of the âRebel Bodyâ into thousands of resistance groups, discourses and disruptive acts.
Is utmost to understand, the destruction of the old viz-a-viz creation of the new. As âproductive and reproductive tasksâ and âmale-female relationsâ was fundamental for âprimitive capitalismâ (post Feudalism) to rise in Italy, Spain, Portugal, Holland, France, Switzerland, Germany, Ireland and England. Further, this period (1350 to early 1700) that embodies the birth of âprimitive nationalismâ and the victory of âprimitive capitalismâ were both achieved with maximum violence, religious doctrines, disastrous crusades, widespread heresy, royal interventions and later via several frameworks of the so called âEnlightenmentâ â leaves no doubt concerning the âconstructed characterâ of sexual roles in capitalist society. What followed was a period of âmassive withdrawal and eventual displacement of labourâ (Federici) from outright refusal to work, to evading new taxes, fleeing into the wilderness, resist the selling of land, attack the privatization of commons. The âworld systemâ emerging from western Europe, eventually webbed the entire world like a tentacular multi-verse network.
Roles of subjugation that exist even today, albeit way more developed as per current norms, prevailing technologies and the existing social order. Why does the âWitchâ or even working class women perform such ârolesâ needs clarification. Roman Catholic outreach, followed by the âEnlightenmentâ period, placed women as an âidentityâ with Nature, with matter, and what Federici calls âcorporealityâ â the power of Catholic and later Puritan discourse and fundamentalism, directed at the female body, managed to destroy the pre-existing âautonomy and control of our corporeal reality⌠conditions and norms that have so far only suffocated and exploited our bodies and our regenerative powerâ.
The old quest for utopia, as framed by the Church and later by âthe worldview created by European Enlightenmentâ also reveals the process of dis-empowerment â of women as much as the agrarian class of medieval Europe. Ironic, that instead of some heavenly kingdom, the millenarian movements (late 1200 to early 1600) marked the end of feudalism â the new age which emerged from plague, war, famine and mass death. The dark and hideous âcomingâ of some fundamental transformation in society is always so contrary to utopia. Akin to the âfour horsemen of the Apocalypseâ as represented in Albrecht DĂźrerâs famous print - âtrue harbingers of the new capitalist eraâ (Federici).
Thus, the âWitchesâ and the âHereticsâ must be remembered as part or pioneers of Federiciâs âRebel Bodyâ because âthe rebellious, egalitarian social order, based upon the sharing of wealth and the refusal of hierarchies and authoritarian rule lasting three hundred years⌠they wrote a new chapter in the history of liberationâ (Federici). Such bodies of resistance and rebellion, however small, illiterate and primitive, were centuries ahead of Kropotkinâs âMutual Aidâ or Andre Bakuninâs and Proudhonâs âAnarchismâ or Hobbes and Kantâs discourses on âSocial Contractâ. Silvia Federici reminds us, that class struggle, of back then and today is underpinned by the same big factors â of land, of servitude and limitless exploitation. And also of liberation and the violent struggle to achieve the âcommon goodâ.
Hence, the âWitchâ is not some hag, nor she any evil. On the contrary, more like a pioneer anarchist or better as the âRebel Bodyâ that has always been aligned with Nature, and ready for a new type of struggle and the power to make âTroubleâ.
Donna Haraway - Staying With The Trouble. âWomen as figures of âTroubleâ during the great transition⌠post Anthropocene, post Capitaloceneâ.
âThink we must. We must think.â âStengers and Despret, Women Who Make a Fuss.
Professor emerita, Eco-feminist and writer Donna J. Haraway is best known for âWorldingâ and making new âTroubleâ. A string of concepts centered around kinship. Stepping away from âhuman exceptionalism and bounded individualismâ. Stepping away from the hubris of current technological society, which is clearly collapsing on several fronts. New relationships that debunk the myths of Anthropocene (our current age). The missing kinship we need, to face the perilous state of a species in great âTroubleâ upon a destroyed planet. She has been at it for decades now! Her landmark 1985 âA Cyborg Manifestoâ was a bit of an âearthquakeâ within prevailing feminist theory. In 2003, âThe Companion Species Manifestoâ examined our innate connection to dogs as well as other non-human âcrittersâ (a favorite Haraway word). By early 2000, Donna Haraway was an emerging figure in animal studies, ecology and the âpost Capitalâ.
Harawayâs imagination and her books are promiscuous, layered, and hot. âCooking over many years, the compost pile of colleagues, students, and friends who have made this fabulation of our troubled times possibleâ (Haraway). As âWorldingâ the author creates the âHolobiomeâ â to describe the interconnected community of a host organism and its associated microbes, emphasizing âthat humans are part of this larger ecological unit, not separate fromâ. According to Haraway, because current techno-industrial civilization is clearly responsible for irreversible changes, warming and biosphere collapse, hence the forthcoming age is âunthinkableâ for the best science or the best politics. This calls for âSymbiotic Assemblageâ between human and non-human entities. âThe river has me, as I have the river⌠The dog has me as I have the dogâ. The âInterconnectednessâ that has been felt by human and non-humans for hundreds of thousands of years, is at the heart of Harawayâs discourse. âCollectively-producing and caring for systems that do not have self-defined spatial or temporal boundaries.
Is it not obvious? that within Nature, the human and nonhuman, us and the critters, think and feel, grow and die, within the âWeb Of Lifeâ or the âInterconnectednessâ of the entire biosphere. Is clearly a feminine capacity, the objective discourses, to address âgenerational traumaâ and âroots of traumaâ that has been part of world history, womenâs and indigenous struggles. âWhat we see is this steady march of human rights, womenâs rights, indigenous rights over time⌠the very human rights era, is now failing to reconcile with trauma, in various allover the world yet againâŚâ (Dian Million: âIndigenous Feminismsâ)
âCthulucene âŚpost Anthropocene, post Capitaloceneâ. Take cell biology, chemistry, geology, geography, fiction, fabulation and âstring figuresâ as much as a love for languages, arts, stories, systems that together make âTroubleâ. Harawayâs path âis full of alarmingly generative crittersâ. Haraway has been influenced by the flowering of feminist sci-fi of the â70s and 80s. Books like Marge Piercyâs âWoman on the Edge of Time, Joanna Russâs The Female Man, Ursula K. Le Guinâs âThe Left Hand of Darkness, Samuel R. Delanyâs Dhalgren, and the âTales of NevèrĂżon to name a few. Breaking off with the exclusive, for the inclusive and entangled â âlittle âskeinâ of fibers based on science fiction, like âstring figures, speculative fabulation, science fact, speculative feminism, and even so farâ.
Haraway is critical of 19th and 20th century biology, biochemistry, genetics and what we know as âModern Synthesisâ. Rooted in units and relations, these sciences line up almost everything in competitive relations, in a hierarchy of functions, between living matter and the environment. For example, the sciences of genetics, immunology or population growth, remain divorced from the contradictions of Nature and the âcollaborative entanglementsâ of the biosphere. She names the above phenomena as âholobiontsâ and âholobiomesâ as the infinite âworldingsâ made of microbes to big complex creatures to even bigger ecosystems.
According to Haraway, âthese exuberant set of relationships never stay the same, cannot be understood as binary functions or isolated phenomena⌠but think of an extended synthesis⌠transdiciplinary biologies and arts proposes as string figures⌠tying together human and nonhuman ecologies, plus history, affects, performances, impact of technologies and more.â The inspiration to reinterpret life on the planet reveals the âNew New Synthesisââ Haraway knows well that mainstream science is not sufficient in terms of creating harmony with Nature, in conjunction with the coming end of the Capitalocene. The time has arrived, to make new âTroubleâ or as Haraway encourages us to âfabulate with passion and action, joy and pain, detachment and attachment.â
A striking polarity appears between Donna Harawayâs âWorldingâ of the ongoing biosphere collapse, when placed in front of the male predicament. Her argument to make new âTroubleâ versus John Zerzanâs âmuch troubled civilization will endâŚâ. The ecology of Trouble versus the Ecology Of Fear, reveals a dichotomy of female and male understanding of Nature and our corresponding place within. Eco-Anarchist, Anti-Civ, author of several books, John Zerzan rightly condemns the current world-system and the people devoted to it, as âthe productivism is the religion⌠if you want to defend civilization you are also accepting every failing it has given us.. how libertarian is that? That progress itself is symbolic as a culture without ever actually achieving it?â.
The advocacy of Doom can also follow the advocacy of âReturn To Natureâ. There are thousands of folks like Zerzan âdrawing upon the modes of lifeâ of hunter-gatherers, nomads, stateless peoples and the tribal, as a model and as a point-of-inspiration. The motivation as to what a free society should be like. In contrast, Donna Haraway is willing to forgo the idea of a fixed species itself, knowing well that new conditions and new catastrophes are giving way to the coming of âmulti-speciesâ. The âTroubleâ in terms of temporality, mutation and the loss of past richness, is the unavoidable part of the evolution of almost every species. âThe resolution is in the outcome, and not in reform, nor millenarianism and capitalâ.
âTroubleâ at a planetary scale cannot be solved by âmillenarian movementsâ like depopulation, mass vaccination of bodies and crops, models that can predict climate change, energy transition or psycho-political rewiring of people. Organisms plus environments, or genes plus whatever they need, no longer sustain the overflowing richness that the planetâs citizens were used to. Not like it was 10,000 years or even 150 years ago. Man conquered the planet alright, albeit those who form a part of the Anthropocene and the Capitalocene, have bankrupted the same host planet. The âmale ecology made of doom, repression or outright violenceâ (Women Who Make a Fuss) versus the female ecology âof collective power, regeneration, escape or outright disruptionâ (Haraway). Both ends are radical â one proffers total collapse of current civilization, while the other creates spatial and temporal emancipation through collapse itself.
Ready or not, the end of the Capitalocene is part of the above evolution, if not ours but a range of organisms, intelligence and âRebel Bodiesâ of women and men of the present and the future.
Francesca Albanese. The economy of occupation and the economy of Genocide. âMs. Albanese, you are a witch!â. We are back to the beginning. âOne woman against the Empireâ (Electronic Intifada, October 2025). Francesca Albaneseâs verdict, that destroyed a range of myths and exposed a range of new horrors / crimes not as a political move but as a Special Rapporteur for the U.N. The âRebel Voiceâ which brings us back, as to why was she called a âWitchâ. The entire class, made of economic, corporate, military and political interests, sees Albanese as âa clear threat that must be underminedâ. Albaneseâs verdict is made of five precise and undeniable points. What all ties up as âColonial endeavors and their associated genocides have historically been driven and enabled by the corporate sectorâ (United Nations, October 2025)
Commercial interests have contributed to the dispossession of Indigenous people and lands. As a historic process as well as settler-colonial expansion.
A mode of domination known as âcolonial racial capitalismâ.
The same is true of Israeli colonization of Palestinian lands (1948 Nakba till now).
Israelâs expansion into the occupied Palestinian territory and its institutionalization of a regime of settler-colonial apartheid.
After denying Palestinian self-determination for decades, Israel is now destroying the very existence of the Palestinian people in Palestine.
What Albanese is pointing to is not the settler-project of Israel alone but the entire economy that has benefited billions of dollars from âNecro-Politicsâ (Achille Mbembe). Why did the world allow the Genocide in Gaza to happen? One way, as Albanese encapsulates the matter, âwithout too much political or historical baggageâ is rather simple. âHad proper human rights, due diligence been undertaken, corporate entities would have long ago disengaged from Israeli occupation. Instead, post-October 2023, corporate actors have contributed to the acceleration of the displacement-replacement process throughout the military campaign that has pulverized Gaza and displaced the largest number of Palestinians in the West Bank since 1967â.
What comes across clearly as Genocide, not just committed by the settler-project of Israel, but the larger âGenocidal Intentâ of countries like the U.S. Germany, Canada, UK, France, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, etc. This transition is clearly based on âracial tendencyâ. Laws governing âcorporate responsibilityâ are directly related to the violent dispossession and private power, and âthe legacy of corporate collusion with settler-colonialism and racial segregationâ (Albanese). Its not just one vicious, medieval, moron like Danny Danon who called Albanese a âWitchâ but a range of voices â out to castigate or literally âburn the Witchâ. Special Rapporteur or âWitchâ who smashed the status quo, by exposing âtruly uncomfortable truthsâ about the involvement of Italian, French, American, British, Canadian, Chinese, Turkish, Russian, Indian and Saudi Arabian companies and politicians, all complicit in Gazaâs destruction. Every diplomat, political leader and media pundit who attacked Albanese is basically avoiding one thing â engaging with the facts and real substance of her accusations. We know well why that is the case.
âCursed Israel with lies and hatred.â (Danny Danon). Such free-for-all attacks on Albanese, particularly from the utterly fundamentalist politicians and media-outlets in Israel and the U.S. are not based on any evidence. Indeed âWitchâ and âHamas Sympathizerâ is way easier. What went almost unnoticed was the reaction to the report that came from Italyâs spokesperson at the UN, Maurizio Massari. Not having read a word of Albaneseâs report and verdict, he declared that âthe report presented today by S.R. Albanese is devoid of credibility and impartialityâ. Regardless, her extensive report has effectively burned down the remaining veneer of liberal democracy and notions such as ârule of international lawâ. Laid bare, the hopeless status of the United Nations. That Zionists are a special class, exempt from all complicity, all limits of destruction, also itself contrary to humanity. Thus far, there is nothing to be hoped for, in terms of justice. Not until âresponsibility entails criminal liabilityâ.
Albanese, like hundreds of other experts, journalists, lawyers and investigative bodies have concluded, âthe economy of occupation and the economy of Genocideâ with mass evidence âregarding European complicity in the Genocide in Gaza and the systematic erasure of Palestiniansâ. (Middle East Eye).
đş âRebel Bodyâ of the world đş Who wants to be a âĄWitchâĄ
The timeline reveals the evolution of resistance and that of âWitchesâ. What also comes across is the fear of truth. Fear of the apocalypse. Fear of the female capacity. Then only we blame the âWitchâ. Hundreds of crude slogans that emerge from âa diminished state and Techno-Masculinityâ (Haraway). And treachery to the âhomelandâ or âmanifest destinyâ? Then accuse, demonize, burn or deport the heretics, the aliens, the undocumented and the non-believers â of the âcoming ageâ or âcoming apocalypseâ. A bunch of great abstractions or illusions, bound to collapse like the medieval laws, rules, decrees and regulations based around domination, of Nature, of gender, of life and death.
Silvia Federici outlines the âkey signifierâ to take back all âproductive and reproductive activities that have been appropriated by men, capital and the stateâ. Hence, âTroubleâ and Federiciâs âRebel Bodyâ are more like twins or eventually about overcoming alienation â with the end of the work-discipline and the end of exploitation for profit, that defines and shackles the entire planet and life, as of now.
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Interesting connections which culminate in asking, "Why did the world allow the Genocide in Gaza to happen?" Counter, it's a sign of the depths to which we have sunk.